Fillet Fish Fortified with Algal Extracts of <i>Codium tomentosum</i> and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i>, as a Potential Antibacterial and Antioxidant Food Supplement
With respect to the potential natural resources in the marine environment, marine macroalgae or seaweeds are recognized to have health impacts. Two marine algae that are found in the Red Sea, <i>Codium tomentosum</i> (Green algae) and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i> (Red algae)...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/12/785 |
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| author | Mohamed S. M. Abd El Hafez Sarah H. Rashedy Neveen M. Abdelmotilib Hala E. Abou El-Hassayeb João Cotas Leonel Pereira |
| author_facet | Mohamed S. M. Abd El Hafez Sarah H. Rashedy Neveen M. Abdelmotilib Hala E. Abou El-Hassayeb João Cotas Leonel Pereira |
| author_sort | Mohamed S. M. Abd El Hafez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With respect to the potential natural resources in the marine environment, marine macroalgae or seaweeds are recognized to have health impacts. Two marine algae that are found in the Red Sea, <i>Codium tomentosum</i> (Green algae) and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i> (Red algae), were collected. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of these algae were evaluated in vitro. Polyphenols from the extracts were determined using HPLC. Fillet fish was fortified with these algal extracts in an attempt to improve its nutritional value, and sensory evaluation was performed. The antibacterial effect of <i>C. tomentosum</i> extract was found to be superior to that of <i>A. fragilis</i> extract. Total phenolic contents of <i>C. tomentosum</i> and <i>A. fragilis</i> aqueous extract were 32.28 ± 1.63 mg/g and 19.96 ± 1.28 mg/g, respectively, while total flavonoid contents were 4.54 ± 1.48 mg/g and 3.86 ± 1.02 mg/g, respectively. Extract of <i>C. tomentosum</i> demonstrates the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 75.32 ± 0.07 μg/mL. The IC<sub>50</sub> of L-ascorbic acid as a positive control was 22.71 ± 0.03 μg/mL. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for inhibiting proliferation on normal PBMC cells were 33.7 ± 1.02 µg/mL and 51.0 ± 1.14 µg/mL for <i>C. tomentosum</i> and <i>A. fragilis</i>, respectively. The results indicated that both algal aqueous extracts were safe, with low toxicity to normal cells. Interestingly, fillet fish fortified with <i>C. tomentosum</i> extract demonstrated the greatest overall acceptance score. These findings highlight the potential of these seaweed species for cultivation as a sustainable and safe source of therapeutic compounds for treating human and fish diseases, as well as effective food supplements and preservatives instead of chemical ones after performing in vivo assays. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:10:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd09221dba35410c90788ddd932bd745 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:10:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd09221dba35410c90788ddd932bd7452023-11-24T16:20:09ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972022-12-01201278510.3390/md20120785Fillet Fish Fortified with Algal Extracts of <i>Codium tomentosum</i> and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i>, as a Potential Antibacterial and Antioxidant Food SupplementMohamed S. M. Abd El Hafez0Sarah H. Rashedy1Neveen M. Abdelmotilib2Hala E. Abou El-Hassayeb3João Cotas4Leonel Pereira5National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo 11516, EgyptNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo 11516, EgyptDepartment of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, EgyptNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo 11516, EgyptMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalWith respect to the potential natural resources in the marine environment, marine macroalgae or seaweeds are recognized to have health impacts. Two marine algae that are found in the Red Sea, <i>Codium tomentosum</i> (Green algae) and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i> (Red algae), were collected. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of these algae were evaluated in vitro. Polyphenols from the extracts were determined using HPLC. Fillet fish was fortified with these algal extracts in an attempt to improve its nutritional value, and sensory evaluation was performed. The antibacterial effect of <i>C. tomentosum</i> extract was found to be superior to that of <i>A. fragilis</i> extract. Total phenolic contents of <i>C. tomentosum</i> and <i>A. fragilis</i> aqueous extract were 32.28 ± 1.63 mg/g and 19.96 ± 1.28 mg/g, respectively, while total flavonoid contents were 4.54 ± 1.48 mg/g and 3.86 ± 1.02 mg/g, respectively. Extract of <i>C. tomentosum</i> demonstrates the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 75.32 ± 0.07 μg/mL. The IC<sub>50</sub> of L-ascorbic acid as a positive control was 22.71 ± 0.03 μg/mL. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for inhibiting proliferation on normal PBMC cells were 33.7 ± 1.02 µg/mL and 51.0 ± 1.14 µg/mL for <i>C. tomentosum</i> and <i>A. fragilis</i>, respectively. The results indicated that both algal aqueous extracts were safe, with low toxicity to normal cells. Interestingly, fillet fish fortified with <i>C. tomentosum</i> extract demonstrated the greatest overall acceptance score. These findings highlight the potential of these seaweed species for cultivation as a sustainable and safe source of therapeutic compounds for treating human and fish diseases, as well as effective food supplements and preservatives instead of chemical ones after performing in vivo assays.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/12/785marine natural productsseaweedHPLCDPPHcytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed S. M. Abd El Hafez Sarah H. Rashedy Neveen M. Abdelmotilib Hala E. Abou El-Hassayeb João Cotas Leonel Pereira Fillet Fish Fortified with Algal Extracts of <i>Codium tomentosum</i> and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i>, as a Potential Antibacterial and Antioxidant Food Supplement Marine Drugs marine natural products seaweed HPLC DPPH cytotoxicity |
| title | Fillet Fish Fortified with Algal Extracts of <i>Codium tomentosum</i> and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i>, as a Potential Antibacterial and Antioxidant Food Supplement |
| title_full | Fillet Fish Fortified with Algal Extracts of <i>Codium tomentosum</i> and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i>, as a Potential Antibacterial and Antioxidant Food Supplement |
| title_fullStr | Fillet Fish Fortified with Algal Extracts of <i>Codium tomentosum</i> and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i>, as a Potential Antibacterial and Antioxidant Food Supplement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fillet Fish Fortified with Algal Extracts of <i>Codium tomentosum</i> and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i>, as a Potential Antibacterial and Antioxidant Food Supplement |
| title_short | Fillet Fish Fortified with Algal Extracts of <i>Codium tomentosum</i> and <i>Actinotrichia fragilis</i>, as a Potential Antibacterial and Antioxidant Food Supplement |
| title_sort | fillet fish fortified with algal extracts of i codium tomentosum i and i actinotrichia fragilis i as a potential antibacterial and antioxidant food supplement |
| topic | marine natural products seaweed HPLC DPPH cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/12/785 |
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