Impact of Early Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Replacement with the Variant of Concern P.1 (Gamma) in Western Bahia, Brazil
Background: The correct understanding of the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, is essential for formulating public policies of disease containment. Methods: In this study, we constructed a picture of the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 in a Brazilian population of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/10/2314 |
| _version_ | 1797469572088987648 |
|---|---|
| author | Josilene R. Pinheiro Esther C. dos Reis Jéssica P. Farias Mayanna M. C. Fogaça Patrícia de S. da Silva Itana Vivian R. Santana Ana Luiza S. Rocha Paloma O. Vidal Rafael da C. Simões Wilson B. Luiz Alexander Birbrair Renato S. de Aguiar Renan P. de Souza Vasco A. de C. Azevedo Gepoliano Chaves Aline Belmok Ricardo Durães-Carvalho Fernando L. Melo Bergmann M. Ribeiro Jaime Henrique Amorim |
| author_facet | Josilene R. Pinheiro Esther C. dos Reis Jéssica P. Farias Mayanna M. C. Fogaça Patrícia de S. da Silva Itana Vivian R. Santana Ana Luiza S. Rocha Paloma O. Vidal Rafael da C. Simões Wilson B. Luiz Alexander Birbrair Renato S. de Aguiar Renan P. de Souza Vasco A. de C. Azevedo Gepoliano Chaves Aline Belmok Ricardo Durães-Carvalho Fernando L. Melo Bergmann M. Ribeiro Jaime Henrique Amorim |
| author_sort | Josilene R. Pinheiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The correct understanding of the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, is essential for formulating public policies of disease containment. Methods: In this study, we constructed a picture of the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 in a Brazilian population of almost 17000 patients in 15 months. We specifically studied the fluctuations of COVID-19 cases and deaths due to COVID-19 over time according to host gender, age, viral load, and genetic variants. Results: As the main results, we observed that the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths due to COVID-19 fluctuated over time and that men were the most affected by deaths, as well as those of 60 or more years old. We also observed that individuals between 30- and 44-years old were the most affected by COVID-19 cases. In addition, the viral loads in the patients’ nasopharynx were higher in the early symptomatic period. We found that early pandemic SARS-CoV-2 lineages were replaced by the variant of concern (VOC) P.1 (Gamma) in the second half of the study period, which led to a significant increase in the number of deaths. Conclusions: The results presented in this study are helpful for future formulations of efficient public policies of COVID-19 containment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:23:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd11670a05c34c81a0d498bedbf1c141 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:23:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd11670a05c34c81a0d498bedbf1c1412023-11-24T03:11:18ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-10-011410231410.3390/v14102314Impact of Early Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Replacement with the Variant of Concern P.1 (Gamma) in Western Bahia, BrazilJosilene R. Pinheiro0Esther C. dos Reis1Jéssica P. Farias2Mayanna M. C. Fogaça3Patrícia de S. da Silva4Itana Vivian R. Santana5Ana Luiza S. Rocha6Paloma O. Vidal7Rafael da C. Simões8Wilson B. Luiz9Alexander Birbrair10Renato S. de Aguiar11Renan P. de Souza12Vasco A. de C. Azevedo13Gepoliano Chaves14Aline Belmok15Ricardo Durães-Carvalho16Fernando L. Melo17Bergmann M. Ribeiro18Jaime Henrique Amorim19Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, BrazilCenter of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, BrazilCenter of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, BrazilCenter of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, BrazilCenter of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, BrazilCenter of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, BrazilCenter of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, BrazilCenter of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, BrazilCenter of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662, BA, BrazilDepartment of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270, MG, BrazilDepartment of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270, MG, BrazilDepartment of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270, MG, BrazilDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USALaboratory of Baculoviruses, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910, DF, BrazilDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Baculoviruses, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910, DF, BrazilLaboratory of Baculoviruses, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910, DF, BrazilCenter of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, BrazilBackground: The correct understanding of the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, is essential for formulating public policies of disease containment. Methods: In this study, we constructed a picture of the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 in a Brazilian population of almost 17000 patients in 15 months. We specifically studied the fluctuations of COVID-19 cases and deaths due to COVID-19 over time according to host gender, age, viral load, and genetic variants. Results: As the main results, we observed that the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths due to COVID-19 fluctuated over time and that men were the most affected by deaths, as well as those of 60 or more years old. We also observed that individuals between 30- and 44-years old were the most affected by COVID-19 cases. In addition, the viral loads in the patients’ nasopharynx were higher in the early symptomatic period. We found that early pandemic SARS-CoV-2 lineages were replaced by the variant of concern (VOC) P.1 (Gamma) in the second half of the study period, which led to a significant increase in the number of deaths. Conclusions: The results presented in this study are helpful for future formulations of efficient public policies of COVID-19 containment.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/10/2314COVID-19impactvariant of concern |
| spellingShingle | Josilene R. Pinheiro Esther C. dos Reis Jéssica P. Farias Mayanna M. C. Fogaça Patrícia de S. da Silva Itana Vivian R. Santana Ana Luiza S. Rocha Paloma O. Vidal Rafael da C. Simões Wilson B. Luiz Alexander Birbrair Renato S. de Aguiar Renan P. de Souza Vasco A. de C. Azevedo Gepoliano Chaves Aline Belmok Ricardo Durães-Carvalho Fernando L. Melo Bergmann M. Ribeiro Jaime Henrique Amorim Impact of Early Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Replacement with the Variant of Concern P.1 (Gamma) in Western Bahia, Brazil Viruses COVID-19 impact variant of concern |
| title | Impact of Early Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Replacement with the Variant of Concern P.1 (Gamma) in Western Bahia, Brazil |
| title_full | Impact of Early Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Replacement with the Variant of Concern P.1 (Gamma) in Western Bahia, Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Early Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Replacement with the Variant of Concern P.1 (Gamma) in Western Bahia, Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Early Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Replacement with the Variant of Concern P.1 (Gamma) in Western Bahia, Brazil |
| title_short | Impact of Early Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Replacement with the Variant of Concern P.1 (Gamma) in Western Bahia, Brazil |
| title_sort | impact of early pandemic sars cov 2 lineages replacement with the variant of concern p 1 gamma in western bahia brazil |
| topic | COVID-19 impact variant of concern |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/10/2314 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT josilenerpinheiro impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT esthercdosreis impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT jessicapfarias impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT mayannamcfogaca impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT patriciadesdasilva impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT itanavivianrsantana impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT analuizasrocha impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT palomaovidal impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT rafaeldacsimoes impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT wilsonbluiz impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT alexanderbirbrair impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT renatosdeaguiar impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT renanpdesouza impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT vascoadecazevedo impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT gepolianochaves impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT alinebelmok impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT ricardoduraescarvalho impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT fernandolmelo impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT bergmannmribeiro impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil AT jaimehenriqueamorim impactofearlypandemicsarscov2lineagesreplacementwiththevariantofconcernp1gammainwesternbahiabrazil |