Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas Insulated Systems: Test Verification of Shape-Optimized DC Spacer Models
Spacers for the HVDC GIS/GIL play an important role in mechanically supporting conductors and separating compartments. At the same time, their insulation performance affects the stability and safety of system operation. Design rules and knowledge specific to AC spacers do not apply to those of DC sp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8563 |
| _version_ | 1797465462817161216 |
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| author | Haoluan Li Nabila Zebouchi Manu Haddad Alistair Reid Egbert Ekkel |
| author_facet | Haoluan Li Nabila Zebouchi Manu Haddad Alistair Reid Egbert Ekkel |
| author_sort | Haoluan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spacers for the HVDC GIS/GIL play an important role in mechanically supporting conductors and separating compartments. At the same time, their insulation performance affects the stability and safety of system operation. Design rules and knowledge specific to AC spacers do not apply to those of DC spacers. Considering the shape influence on the surface electric field intensity of the spacer under HVDC applied voltage, as determined in our previous work, an optimized shape of a spacer model based on finite element electric field calculations and using standard HVAC alumina filled epoxy material and two novel types of materials were studied. The simulation’s results show that the DC shape optimization of the spacers can effectively reduce the electric field magnitudes along the spacer under different temperature gradients. To verify practically these findings, this paper presents the reduced scale gas insulated prototype that was constructed, the optimized DC spacers that were fabricated and the DC testing results using SF<sub>6</sub>-free surrounding gas: C4-Perfluoronitrile (C4-PFN, 3M<sup>TM</sup> Novec<sup>TM</sup> 4710)/CO<sub>2</sub> and Trifluoroiodomethane (CF<sub>3</sub>I)/CO<sub>2</sub>. The results show that the shape-optimized spacer models made of conventional HVAC filled epoxy material have successfully passed the tests up to the maximum applicable ±123 kV DC exceeding thus ±119 kV DC that corresponds to the nominal voltage ±500 kV DC of the full scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:21:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd16ee849ad54c7d8da4f05e045d0bfb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:21:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd16ee849ad54c7d8da4f05e045d0bfb2023-11-24T08:15:03ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-11-011522856310.3390/en15228563Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas Insulated Systems: Test Verification of Shape-Optimized DC Spacer ModelsHaoluan Li0Nabila Zebouchi1Manu Haddad2Alistair Reid3Egbert Ekkel4Advanced High Voltage Engineering (A-HIVE) Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKAdvanced High Voltage Engineering (A-HIVE) Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKAdvanced High Voltage Engineering (A-HIVE) Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKAdvanced High Voltage Engineering (A-HIVE) Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKMekufa UK Ltd., Gloucester GL1 5SR, UKSpacers for the HVDC GIS/GIL play an important role in mechanically supporting conductors and separating compartments. At the same time, their insulation performance affects the stability and safety of system operation. Design rules and knowledge specific to AC spacers do not apply to those of DC spacers. Considering the shape influence on the surface electric field intensity of the spacer under HVDC applied voltage, as determined in our previous work, an optimized shape of a spacer model based on finite element electric field calculations and using standard HVAC alumina filled epoxy material and two novel types of materials were studied. The simulation’s results show that the DC shape optimization of the spacers can effectively reduce the electric field magnitudes along the spacer under different temperature gradients. To verify practically these findings, this paper presents the reduced scale gas insulated prototype that was constructed, the optimized DC spacers that were fabricated and the DC testing results using SF<sub>6</sub>-free surrounding gas: C4-Perfluoronitrile (C4-PFN, 3M<sup>TM</sup> Novec<sup>TM</sup> 4710)/CO<sub>2</sub> and Trifluoroiodomethane (CF<sub>3</sub>I)/CO<sub>2</sub>. The results show that the shape-optimized spacer models made of conventional HVAC filled epoxy material have successfully passed the tests up to the maximum applicable ±123 kV DC exceeding thus ±119 kV DC that corresponds to the nominal voltage ±500 kV DC of the full scale.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8563spacershape optimizationGISGILHVDCC4-PFN |
| spellingShingle | Haoluan Li Nabila Zebouchi Manu Haddad Alistair Reid Egbert Ekkel Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas Insulated Systems: Test Verification of Shape-Optimized DC Spacer Models Energies spacer shape optimization GIS GIL HVDC C4-PFN |
| title | Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas Insulated Systems: Test Verification of Shape-Optimized DC Spacer Models |
| title_full | Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas Insulated Systems: Test Verification of Shape-Optimized DC Spacer Models |
| title_fullStr | Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas Insulated Systems: Test Verification of Shape-Optimized DC Spacer Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas Insulated Systems: Test Verification of Shape-Optimized DC Spacer Models |
| title_short | Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas Insulated Systems: Test Verification of Shape-Optimized DC Spacer Models |
| title_sort | development of future compact and eco friendly hvdc gas insulated systems test verification of shape optimized dc spacer models |
| topic | spacer shape optimization GIS GIL HVDC C4-PFN |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8563 |
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