Autonomic Nervous System and Stress to Predict Secondary Ischemic Events after Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: Possible Implications of Heart Rate Variability
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke have high risks of recurrence and deterioration into severe ischemic strokes. Risk stratification of TIA and minor stroke is essential for early effective treatment. Traditional tools have only moderate predictive value, likely due to their inclusion...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.00090/full |
| _version_ | 1811241725986865152 |
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| author | Ling Guan Ling Guan Ling Guan Jean-Paul Collet Jean-Paul Collet Jean-Paul Collet Garey Mazowita Garey Mazowita Victoria E. Claydon |
| author_facet | Ling Guan Ling Guan Ling Guan Jean-Paul Collet Jean-Paul Collet Jean-Paul Collet Garey Mazowita Garey Mazowita Victoria E. Claydon |
| author_sort | Ling Guan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke have high risks of recurrence and deterioration into severe ischemic strokes. Risk stratification of TIA and minor stroke is essential for early effective treatment. Traditional tools have only moderate predictive value, likely due to their inclusion of the limited number of stroke risk factors. Our review follows Hans Selye’s fundamental work on stress theory and the progressive shift of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) from adaptation to disease when stress becomes chronic. We will first show that traditional risk factors and acute triggers of ischemic stroke are chronic and acute stress factors or “stressors,” respectively. Our first review shows solid evidence of the relationship between chronic stress and stroke occurrence. The stress response is tightly regulated by the ANS whose function can be assessed with heart rate variability (HRV). Our second review demonstrates that stress-related risk factors of ischemic stroke are correlated with ANS dysfunction and impaired HRV. Our conclusions support the idea that HRV parameters may represent the combined effects of all body stressors that are risk factors for ischemic stroke and, thus, may be of important predictive value for the risk of subsequent ischemic events after TIA or minor stroke. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:41:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd1def8b290041918e998d84ab3df79e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:41:28Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd1def8b290041918e998d84ab3df79e2022-12-22T03:30:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952018-03-01910.3389/fneur.2018.00090315344Autonomic Nervous System and Stress to Predict Secondary Ischemic Events after Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: Possible Implications of Heart Rate VariabilityLing Guan0Ling Guan1Ling Guan2Jean-Paul Collet3Jean-Paul Collet4Jean-Paul Collet5Garey Mazowita6Garey Mazowita7Victoria E. Claydon8Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaBC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaBC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, Providence Healthcare, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, CanadaTransient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke have high risks of recurrence and deterioration into severe ischemic strokes. Risk stratification of TIA and minor stroke is essential for early effective treatment. Traditional tools have only moderate predictive value, likely due to their inclusion of the limited number of stroke risk factors. Our review follows Hans Selye’s fundamental work on stress theory and the progressive shift of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) from adaptation to disease when stress becomes chronic. We will first show that traditional risk factors and acute triggers of ischemic stroke are chronic and acute stress factors or “stressors,” respectively. Our first review shows solid evidence of the relationship between chronic stress and stroke occurrence. The stress response is tightly regulated by the ANS whose function can be assessed with heart rate variability (HRV). Our second review demonstrates that stress-related risk factors of ischemic stroke are correlated with ANS dysfunction and impaired HRV. Our conclusions support the idea that HRV parameters may represent the combined effects of all body stressors that are risk factors for ischemic stroke and, thus, may be of important predictive value for the risk of subsequent ischemic events after TIA or minor stroke.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.00090/fullautonomic nervous systemstressheart rate variabilityischemic stroketransient ischemic attackprediction |
| spellingShingle | Ling Guan Ling Guan Ling Guan Jean-Paul Collet Jean-Paul Collet Jean-Paul Collet Garey Mazowita Garey Mazowita Victoria E. Claydon Autonomic Nervous System and Stress to Predict Secondary Ischemic Events after Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: Possible Implications of Heart Rate Variability Frontiers in Neurology autonomic nervous system stress heart rate variability ischemic stroke transient ischemic attack prediction |
| title | Autonomic Nervous System and Stress to Predict Secondary Ischemic Events after Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: Possible Implications of Heart Rate Variability |
| title_full | Autonomic Nervous System and Stress to Predict Secondary Ischemic Events after Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: Possible Implications of Heart Rate Variability |
| title_fullStr | Autonomic Nervous System and Stress to Predict Secondary Ischemic Events after Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: Possible Implications of Heart Rate Variability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autonomic Nervous System and Stress to Predict Secondary Ischemic Events after Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: Possible Implications of Heart Rate Variability |
| title_short | Autonomic Nervous System and Stress to Predict Secondary Ischemic Events after Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: Possible Implications of Heart Rate Variability |
| title_sort | autonomic nervous system and stress to predict secondary ischemic events after transient ischemic attack or minor stroke possible implications of heart rate variability |
| topic | autonomic nervous system stress heart rate variability ischemic stroke transient ischemic attack prediction |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.00090/full |
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