The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in diagnostic medicine. MRI uses the static magnetic field to polarize nuclei spins, fast-switching magnetic field gradients to generate temporal and spatial resolution, and radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves to control the spin orientation. All...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/5/757 |
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| author | Priyanka Chanana Ahmed Uosef Nicole Vaughn Martha Suarez-Villagran Rafik M. Ghobrial Malgorzata Kloc Jarek Wosik |
| author_facet | Priyanka Chanana Ahmed Uosef Nicole Vaughn Martha Suarez-Villagran Rafik M. Ghobrial Malgorzata Kloc Jarek Wosik |
| author_sort | Priyanka Chanana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in diagnostic medicine. MRI uses the static magnetic field to polarize nuclei spins, fast-switching magnetic field gradients to generate temporal and spatial resolution, and radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves to control the spin orientation. All these forms of magnetic static and electromagnetic RF fields interact with human tissue and cells. However, reports on the MRI technique’s effects on the cells and human body are often inconsistent or contradictory. In both research and clinical MRI, recent progress in improving sensitivity and resolution is associated with the increased magnetic field strength of MRI magnets. Additionally, to improve the contrast of the images, the MRI technique often employs contrast agents, such as gadolinium-based Dotarem, with effects on cells and organs that are still disputable and not fully understood. Application of higher magnetic fields requires revisiting previously observed or potentially possible bio-effects. This article focuses on the influence of a static magnetic field gradient with and without a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (Dotarem) and the cellular and molecular effects of Dotarem on macrophages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:45:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd31fa091042406ab78905f8448ab32f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:45:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd31fa091042406ab78905f8448ab32f2023-11-23T22:49:49ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-02-0111575710.3390/cells11050757The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse MacrophagesPriyanka Chanana0Ahmed Uosef1Nicole Vaughn2Martha Suarez-Villagran3Rafik M. Ghobrial4Malgorzata Kloc5Jarek Wosik6The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USAThe Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USAThe Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USAPhysics Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USAThe Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USAThe Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USATexas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USAMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in diagnostic medicine. MRI uses the static magnetic field to polarize nuclei spins, fast-switching magnetic field gradients to generate temporal and spatial resolution, and radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves to control the spin orientation. All these forms of magnetic static and electromagnetic RF fields interact with human tissue and cells. However, reports on the MRI technique’s effects on the cells and human body are often inconsistent or contradictory. In both research and clinical MRI, recent progress in improving sensitivity and resolution is associated with the increased magnetic field strength of MRI magnets. Additionally, to improve the contrast of the images, the MRI technique often employs contrast agents, such as gadolinium-based Dotarem, with effects on cells and organs that are still disputable and not fully understood. Application of higher magnetic fields requires revisiting previously observed or potentially possible bio-effects. This article focuses on the influence of a static magnetic field gradient with and without a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (Dotarem) and the cellular and molecular effects of Dotarem on macrophages.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/5/757magnetic field gradientMRIgadoliniummacrophagepolarizationmitochondria |
| spellingShingle | Priyanka Chanana Ahmed Uosef Nicole Vaughn Martha Suarez-Villagran Rafik M. Ghobrial Malgorzata Kloc Jarek Wosik The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages Cells magnetic field gradient MRI gadolinium macrophage polarization mitochondria |
| title | The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages |
| title_full | The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages |
| title_short | The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages |
| title_sort | effect of magnetic field gradient and gadolinium based mri contrast agent dotarem on mouse macrophages |
| topic | magnetic field gradient MRI gadolinium macrophage polarization mitochondria |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/5/757 |
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