Structural and Thermal Examinations of Polyamide Modified with Fly Ash from Biomass Combustion
This paper presents the results of examinations of the structure and crystallinity of polyamide (PA6) modified with fly ash from biomass combustion in a fluidized-bed boiler. Composites based on a PA6 matrix were examined. They contained 5, 10, and 15 wt% fly ash. Fourier-transform infrared with att...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5277 |
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| author | Renata Caban Adam Gnatowski |
| author_facet | Renata Caban Adam Gnatowski |
| author_sort | Renata Caban |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the results of examinations of the structure and crystallinity of polyamide (PA6) modified with fly ash from biomass combustion in a fluidized-bed boiler. Composites based on a PA6 matrix were examined. They contained 5, 10, and 15 wt% fly ash. Fourier-transform infrared with attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) was used to identify the characteristic functional groups present in the chemical structure of polyamide and composites based on its matrix. Structural analysis was performed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and microscopic examinations. Analysis of the values of thermal effects determined using the DSC technique allowed for the evaluation of the degree of crystallinity of the materials studied. Polyamide is usually considered to be a two-phase system consisting of crystalline and amorphous regions. The addition of the filler in the form of fly ash reduced the degree of crystallinity of the studied specimens. Based on the FTIR-ATR spectra and the recorded DSC curves, it was found that the α-phase was the dominant crystalline phase in the studied materials. Microscopic examinations were conducted to analyze the microstructure of the materials, providing information on the distribution and shape of the filler particles. Most of the particles ranged in size from a few to tens of micrometers. Furthermore, the use of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) allowed for the analysis of the distribution of chemical elements in selected filler particles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:23:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd369915c5d6444183e142de55627af3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:23:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd369915c5d6444183e142de55627af32023-11-18T23:11:09ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-07-011615527710.3390/ma16155277Structural and Thermal Examinations of Polyamide Modified with Fly Ash from Biomass CombustionRenata Caban0Adam Gnatowski1Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, PolandDepartment of Technology and Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, PolandThis paper presents the results of examinations of the structure and crystallinity of polyamide (PA6) modified with fly ash from biomass combustion in a fluidized-bed boiler. Composites based on a PA6 matrix were examined. They contained 5, 10, and 15 wt% fly ash. Fourier-transform infrared with attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) was used to identify the characteristic functional groups present in the chemical structure of polyamide and composites based on its matrix. Structural analysis was performed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and microscopic examinations. Analysis of the values of thermal effects determined using the DSC technique allowed for the evaluation of the degree of crystallinity of the materials studied. Polyamide is usually considered to be a two-phase system consisting of crystalline and amorphous regions. The addition of the filler in the form of fly ash reduced the degree of crystallinity of the studied specimens. Based on the FTIR-ATR spectra and the recorded DSC curves, it was found that the α-phase was the dominant crystalline phase in the studied materials. Microscopic examinations were conducted to analyze the microstructure of the materials, providing information on the distribution and shape of the filler particles. Most of the particles ranged in size from a few to tens of micrometers. Furthermore, the use of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) allowed for the analysis of the distribution of chemical elements in selected filler particles.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5277polymer compositesthermal propertiespolyamide 6fly ashcrystallinity |
| spellingShingle | Renata Caban Adam Gnatowski Structural and Thermal Examinations of Polyamide Modified with Fly Ash from Biomass Combustion Materials polymer composites thermal properties polyamide 6 fly ash crystallinity |
| title | Structural and Thermal Examinations of Polyamide Modified with Fly Ash from Biomass Combustion |
| title_full | Structural and Thermal Examinations of Polyamide Modified with Fly Ash from Biomass Combustion |
| title_fullStr | Structural and Thermal Examinations of Polyamide Modified with Fly Ash from Biomass Combustion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural and Thermal Examinations of Polyamide Modified with Fly Ash from Biomass Combustion |
| title_short | Structural and Thermal Examinations of Polyamide Modified with Fly Ash from Biomass Combustion |
| title_sort | structural and thermal examinations of polyamide modified with fly ash from biomass combustion |
| topic | polymer composites thermal properties polyamide 6 fly ash crystallinity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5277 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT renatacaban structuralandthermalexaminationsofpolyamidemodifiedwithflyashfrombiomasscombustion AT adamgnatowski structuralandthermalexaminationsofpolyamidemodifiedwithflyashfrombiomasscombustion |