Fluid mineralization of the Dongtongyu gold deposit in the southern margin of North China craton: Evidence from microthermometry and composition of fluid inclusions
In this study, petrographic, microthermometric, and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) analyses of fluid inclusions were conducted to shed light on the mineralization mechanism of the Dongtongyu deposit and provide some evidence of the relationship among CO2, Au, and other ore elements...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1081634/full |
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| author | Hao Wei Hao Wei Liangwei Xu Dong Li Yunlei Feng Xiaogui Wu Honglun Chang Duixing Wang Zhuo Liu Wenbiao Du |
| author_facet | Hao Wei Hao Wei Liangwei Xu Dong Li Yunlei Feng Xiaogui Wu Honglun Chang Duixing Wang Zhuo Liu Wenbiao Du |
| author_sort | Hao Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, petrographic, microthermometric, and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) analyses of fluid inclusions were conducted to shed light on the mineralization mechanism of the Dongtongyu deposit and provide some evidence of the relationship among CO2, Au, and other ore elements (e.g., Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb) in ore-forming fluids. The ore-forming fluid is characterized as the H2O–CO2–NaCl system with medium–high temperatures and low salinities. Four structural mineralization stages are distinguished: Pyrite-quartz (Stage 1), gold-quartz-pyrite (Stage 2), gold-quartz-polymetallic sulfide (Stage 3), and quartz-calcite (Stage 4). Fluid inclusions in Stages 1–3 are dominated by the H2O–CO2 type, and most of them contain liquid H2O and liquid CO2 at room temperature. The melting temperatures (Tm-CO2 = −82.1°C to −57.5°C) of solid CO2 in Stage 1 are relatively low. The values of Tm-CO2 in Stages 2–3 are quite close, with ranges of −60.5°C to −56.5°C and −59.2°C to −58.6°C, respectively. The melting temperatures of clathrate in Stages 1–3 are −2.7°C to +7.8°C, −5.5°C to +7.8°C, and +3.7°C to +7.2°C. The homogenization temperatures of the CO2 phase in the H2O–CO2 inclusions of the three stages are measured as −7.5°C to +31.7°C, −7.5°C to +29.3°C, and 7.1°C to +24.1°C. The total homogenization temperatures in Stages 1–3 are 180°C–394°C, 202°C–305°C, and 224°C–271°C, with salinities of 4.3 wt.%–18.2 wt% NaCl, 4.3 wt.%–20.0 wt% NaCl, and 5.3 wt.%–11.0 wt% NaCl, respectively. The laser Raman spectroscopy results show that the CO2–H2O inclusions in the quartz veins contain abundant CO2 and CH4. The SRXFR results show that most of the elements, especially As, Te, and Cu, are more enriched in liquid CO2 than in liquid H2O. The elements of Au, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Pb have higher concentrations in H2O–CO2-type fluid inclusions in Stage 2 than other fluid inclusions in Stages 1–2, suggesting that gold mineralization is closely related to CO2-rich fluids. During the fluid evolution process, fluid immiscibility is an important mineralization mechanism of gold. The increase in CO2 and CH4 and the decrease in the fluid temperature might promote fluid immiscibility. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-bd373fc48b0b4d17aedef65ec41684e92023-01-06T13:39:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632023-01-011010.3389/feart.2022.10816341081634Fluid mineralization of the Dongtongyu gold deposit in the southern margin of North China craton: Evidence from microthermometry and composition of fluid inclusionsHao Wei0Hao Wei1Liangwei Xu2Dong Li3Yunlei Feng4Xiaogui Wu5Honglun Chang6Duixing Wang7Zhuo Liu8Wenbiao Du9Hebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, ChinaEco-Environmental Geology Applied Technology R&D Center, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, ChinaMineral Exploration Department of Xinjiang Baodi Mining Co., Ltd., Xinjiang Geology and Mineral Investment (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, ChinaIn this study, petrographic, microthermometric, and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) analyses of fluid inclusions were conducted to shed light on the mineralization mechanism of the Dongtongyu deposit and provide some evidence of the relationship among CO2, Au, and other ore elements (e.g., Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb) in ore-forming fluids. The ore-forming fluid is characterized as the H2O–CO2–NaCl system with medium–high temperatures and low salinities. Four structural mineralization stages are distinguished: Pyrite-quartz (Stage 1), gold-quartz-pyrite (Stage 2), gold-quartz-polymetallic sulfide (Stage 3), and quartz-calcite (Stage 4). Fluid inclusions in Stages 1–3 are dominated by the H2O–CO2 type, and most of them contain liquid H2O and liquid CO2 at room temperature. The melting temperatures (Tm-CO2 = −82.1°C to −57.5°C) of solid CO2 in Stage 1 are relatively low. The values of Tm-CO2 in Stages 2–3 are quite close, with ranges of −60.5°C to −56.5°C and −59.2°C to −58.6°C, respectively. The melting temperatures of clathrate in Stages 1–3 are −2.7°C to +7.8°C, −5.5°C to +7.8°C, and +3.7°C to +7.2°C. The homogenization temperatures of the CO2 phase in the H2O–CO2 inclusions of the three stages are measured as −7.5°C to +31.7°C, −7.5°C to +29.3°C, and 7.1°C to +24.1°C. The total homogenization temperatures in Stages 1–3 are 180°C–394°C, 202°C–305°C, and 224°C–271°C, with salinities of 4.3 wt.%–18.2 wt% NaCl, 4.3 wt.%–20.0 wt% NaCl, and 5.3 wt.%–11.0 wt% NaCl, respectively. The laser Raman spectroscopy results show that the CO2–H2O inclusions in the quartz veins contain abundant CO2 and CH4. The SRXFR results show that most of the elements, especially As, Te, and Cu, are more enriched in liquid CO2 than in liquid H2O. The elements of Au, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Pb have higher concentrations in H2O–CO2-type fluid inclusions in Stage 2 than other fluid inclusions in Stages 1–2, suggesting that gold mineralization is closely related to CO2-rich fluids. During the fluid evolution process, fluid immiscibility is an important mineralization mechanism of gold. The increase in CO2 and CH4 and the decrease in the fluid temperature might promote fluid immiscibility.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1081634/fullmineralization stagesfluid inclusionSRXRFDongtongyugold deposit |
| spellingShingle | Hao Wei Hao Wei Liangwei Xu Dong Li Yunlei Feng Xiaogui Wu Honglun Chang Duixing Wang Zhuo Liu Wenbiao Du Fluid mineralization of the Dongtongyu gold deposit in the southern margin of North China craton: Evidence from microthermometry and composition of fluid inclusions Frontiers in Earth Science mineralization stages fluid inclusion SRXRF Dongtongyu gold deposit |
| title | Fluid mineralization of the Dongtongyu gold deposit in the southern margin of North China craton: Evidence from microthermometry and composition of fluid inclusions |
| title_full | Fluid mineralization of the Dongtongyu gold deposit in the southern margin of North China craton: Evidence from microthermometry and composition of fluid inclusions |
| title_fullStr | Fluid mineralization of the Dongtongyu gold deposit in the southern margin of North China craton: Evidence from microthermometry and composition of fluid inclusions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluid mineralization of the Dongtongyu gold deposit in the southern margin of North China craton: Evidence from microthermometry and composition of fluid inclusions |
| title_short | Fluid mineralization of the Dongtongyu gold deposit in the southern margin of North China craton: Evidence from microthermometry and composition of fluid inclusions |
| title_sort | fluid mineralization of the dongtongyu gold deposit in the southern margin of north china craton evidence from microthermometry and composition of fluid inclusions |
| topic | mineralization stages fluid inclusion SRXRF Dongtongyu gold deposit |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.1081634/full |
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