Cavitation in a periodontal pocket by an ultrasonic dental scaler: A numerical investigation
Periodontal pockets are spaces or holes surrounded by teeth under the gum line. These pockets can become filled with infection-causing bacteria resulting in tissue, bone, and tooth loss. Cavitation produced by the oscillating tip of dental ultrasonic scalers plays a significant role in routine perio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417722002747 |
| _version_ | 1811318024487043072 |
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| author | You Yu Mehdi Mahmud Nina Vyas Warren R. Smith Qianxi Wang A. Damien Walmsley |
| author_facet | You Yu Mehdi Mahmud Nina Vyas Warren R. Smith Qianxi Wang A. Damien Walmsley |
| author_sort | You Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periodontal pockets are spaces or holes surrounded by teeth under the gum line. These pockets can become filled with infection-causing bacteria resulting in tissue, bone, and tooth loss. Cavitation produced by the oscillating tip of dental ultrasonic scalers plays a significant role in routine periodontal therapy to clean these areas. Numerical studies were conducted for a scaler vibrating in a periodontal pocket which was simplified to a hole, using ABAQUS based on the finite element method. The simulations consider the three-dimensional, nonlinear, and transient interaction between the vibration and deformation of the scaler tip, the water flow around the scaler and the cavitation formation. The numerical model was validated by comparing results with experimental data for a scaler vibrating in an unbounded liquid, the displacement at the free end of the scaler and the cavitation pattern near the scaler tip displaying excellent agreement. A parametric study for a scaler vibrating in a hole has been carried out in terms of the volume of the hole, the taper ratio (the radius ratio between the circular opening and bottom of the hole), and the immersion depth of the scaler tip in the hole. The amount of cavitation generated is evaluated by the cavitation density (or the void fraction) which is the ratio of the volume of the cavitation occupied in the hole to the total volume of the hole. Numerical results indicate that the cavitation density in the hole increases with the decreasing hole volume and the increasing taper ratio. It is inferred that cleaning effects could be increased if some modifications to the scaler design could be made to increase the blocking effect of the hole during the cleaning process. Cavitation is observed in the hole even if the scaler is placed above the hole and increases with the immersion depth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:18:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd3c0056c6a94583a42ea69306305c65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1350-4177 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:18:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd3c0056c6a94583a42ea69306305c652022-12-22T02:47:17ZengElsevierUltrasonics Sonochemistry1350-41772022-11-0190106178Cavitation in a periodontal pocket by an ultrasonic dental scaler: A numerical investigationYou Yu0Mehdi Mahmud1Nina Vyas2Warren R. Smith3Qianxi Wang4A. Damien Walmsley5School of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKSchool of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqSchool of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7SA, UKSchool of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKSchool of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Corresponding author.School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7SA, UKPeriodontal pockets are spaces or holes surrounded by teeth under the gum line. These pockets can become filled with infection-causing bacteria resulting in tissue, bone, and tooth loss. Cavitation produced by the oscillating tip of dental ultrasonic scalers plays a significant role in routine periodontal therapy to clean these areas. Numerical studies were conducted for a scaler vibrating in a periodontal pocket which was simplified to a hole, using ABAQUS based on the finite element method. The simulations consider the three-dimensional, nonlinear, and transient interaction between the vibration and deformation of the scaler tip, the water flow around the scaler and the cavitation formation. The numerical model was validated by comparing results with experimental data for a scaler vibrating in an unbounded liquid, the displacement at the free end of the scaler and the cavitation pattern near the scaler tip displaying excellent agreement. A parametric study for a scaler vibrating in a hole has been carried out in terms of the volume of the hole, the taper ratio (the radius ratio between the circular opening and bottom of the hole), and the immersion depth of the scaler tip in the hole. The amount of cavitation generated is evaluated by the cavitation density (or the void fraction) which is the ratio of the volume of the cavitation occupied in the hole to the total volume of the hole. Numerical results indicate that the cavitation density in the hole increases with the decreasing hole volume and the increasing taper ratio. It is inferred that cleaning effects could be increased if some modifications to the scaler design could be made to increase the blocking effect of the hole during the cleaning process. Cavitation is observed in the hole even if the scaler is placed above the hole and increases with the immersion depth.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417722002747Dental ultrasonic scalersCavitationDental cleaningFinite element method |
| spellingShingle | You Yu Mehdi Mahmud Nina Vyas Warren R. Smith Qianxi Wang A. Damien Walmsley Cavitation in a periodontal pocket by an ultrasonic dental scaler: A numerical investigation Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Dental ultrasonic scalers Cavitation Dental cleaning Finite element method |
| title | Cavitation in a periodontal pocket by an ultrasonic dental scaler: A numerical investigation |
| title_full | Cavitation in a periodontal pocket by an ultrasonic dental scaler: A numerical investigation |
| title_fullStr | Cavitation in a periodontal pocket by an ultrasonic dental scaler: A numerical investigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cavitation in a periodontal pocket by an ultrasonic dental scaler: A numerical investigation |
| title_short | Cavitation in a periodontal pocket by an ultrasonic dental scaler: A numerical investigation |
| title_sort | cavitation in a periodontal pocket by an ultrasonic dental scaler a numerical investigation |
| topic | Dental ultrasonic scalers Cavitation Dental cleaning Finite element method |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417722002747 |
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