Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of advanced liver disease and acute liver failure. The clinical spectrum ranges from minor cognitive dysfunctions to lethargy, depressed consciousness, and coma and significantly impact the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of the patients...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.748253/full |
| _version_ | 1818843702268788736 |
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| author | Alba Rocco Costantino Sgamato Debora Compare Pietro Coccoli Olga Maria Nardone Gerardo Nardone |
| author_facet | Alba Rocco Costantino Sgamato Debora Compare Pietro Coccoli Olga Maria Nardone Gerardo Nardone |
| author_sort | Alba Rocco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of advanced liver disease and acute liver failure. The clinical spectrum ranges from minor cognitive dysfunctions to lethargy, depressed consciousness, and coma and significantly impact the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of the patients. It is commonly accepted that the gut milieu is essential for the development of HE; however, despite intensive research efforts, the pathogenesis of HE is still not fully elucidated. As our knowledge of gut microbiota moves from the pioneering era of culture-dependent studies, the connection between microbes, inflammation, and metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of HE is becoming increasingly clear, providing exciting therapeutic perspectives. This review will critically examine the latest research findings on the role of gut microbes in the pathophysiological pathways underlying HE. Moreover, currently available therapeutic options and novel treatment strategies are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:02:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd45c8aa2b69461e820a009bc2df27f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:02:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd45c8aa2b69461e820a009bc2df27f22022-12-21T20:35:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-11-01910.3389/fcell.2021.748253748253Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New PerspectivesAlba RoccoCostantino SgamatoDebora ComparePietro CoccoliOlga Maria NardoneGerardo NardoneHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of advanced liver disease and acute liver failure. The clinical spectrum ranges from minor cognitive dysfunctions to lethargy, depressed consciousness, and coma and significantly impact the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of the patients. It is commonly accepted that the gut milieu is essential for the development of HE; however, despite intensive research efforts, the pathogenesis of HE is still not fully elucidated. As our knowledge of gut microbiota moves from the pioneering era of culture-dependent studies, the connection between microbes, inflammation, and metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of HE is becoming increasingly clear, providing exciting therapeutic perspectives. This review will critically examine the latest research findings on the role of gut microbes in the pathophysiological pathways underlying HE. Moreover, currently available therapeutic options and novel treatment strategies are discussed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.748253/fullhepatic encephalopathygut microbesgut-liver-brain axisantibioticsprobioticsfecal microbiota transplantation |
| spellingShingle | Alba Rocco Costantino Sgamato Debora Compare Pietro Coccoli Olga Maria Nardone Gerardo Nardone Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology hepatic encephalopathy gut microbes gut-liver-brain axis antibiotics probiotics fecal microbiota transplantation |
| title | Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives |
| title_full | Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives |
| title_short | Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives |
| title_sort | gut microbes and hepatic encephalopathy from the old concepts to new perspectives |
| topic | hepatic encephalopathy gut microbes gut-liver-brain axis antibiotics probiotics fecal microbiota transplantation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.748253/full |
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