Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use Disorder
The continued rise in the availability of illicit opioids and opioid-related deaths in the United States has left physicians, researchers, and lawmakers desperate for solutions to this ongoing epidemic. The research into therapeutic options for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) began with t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Neurology International |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/14/1/4 |
| _version_ | 1797444120953749504 |
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| author | Amber N. Edinoff Catherine A. Nix Claudia V. Orellana Samantha M. StPierre Erin A. Crane Blaine T. Bulloch Elyse M. Cornett Rachel L. Kozinn Adam M. Kaye Kevin S. Murnane Alan D. Kaye |
| author_facet | Amber N. Edinoff Catherine A. Nix Claudia V. Orellana Samantha M. StPierre Erin A. Crane Blaine T. Bulloch Elyse M. Cornett Rachel L. Kozinn Adam M. Kaye Kevin S. Murnane Alan D. Kaye |
| author_sort | Amber N. Edinoff |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The continued rise in the availability of illicit opioids and opioid-related deaths in the United States has left physicians, researchers, and lawmakers desperate for solutions to this ongoing epidemic. The research into therapeutic options for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) began with the introduction of methadone in the 1960s. The approval of oral naltrexone initially showed much promise, as the drug was observed to be highly potent in antagonizing the effects of opioids while producing no opioid agonist effects of its own and having a favorable side effect profile. Patients that routinely take their naltrexone reported fewer days of heroin use and had more negative drug tests than those without treatment. Poor outcomes in OUD patients treated with naltrexone have been directly tied to short treatment time. Studies have shown that naltrexone given orally vs. as an implant at the 6-month interval showed a higher non-compliance rate among those who used oral medications at the 6-month mark and a slower return to use rate. There were concerns that naltrexone could possibly worsen negative symptoms seen in opiate use disorder related to blockade of endogenous opioids that are important for pleasurable stimuli. Studies have shown that naltrexone demonstrated no increase in levels of anxiety, depression and anhedonia in participants and another study found that those treated with naltrexone had a significant reduction in mental health-related hospitalizations. The latter study also concluded that there was no increased risk for mental health-related incidents in patients taking naltrexone via a long-acting implant. Although not yet FDA approved in the United States, naltrexone implant has shown promising results in Europe and Australia and may provide a novel treatment option for opioid addiction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:07:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd49b5eaed11465bba10c56551d672fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2035-8377 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:07:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neurology International |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd49b5eaed11465bba10c56551d672fc2023-11-30T21:47:29ZengMDPI AGNeurology International2035-83772021-12-01141496110.3390/neurolint14010004Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use DisorderAmber N. Edinoff0Catherine A. Nix1Claudia V. Orellana2Samantha M. StPierre3Erin A. Crane4Blaine T. Bulloch5Elyse M. Cornett6Rachel L. Kozinn7Adam M. Kaye8Kevin S. Murnane9Alan D. Kaye10Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USASchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USASchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USASchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USADepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USADepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USAThe continued rise in the availability of illicit opioids and opioid-related deaths in the United States has left physicians, researchers, and lawmakers desperate for solutions to this ongoing epidemic. The research into therapeutic options for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) began with the introduction of methadone in the 1960s. The approval of oral naltrexone initially showed much promise, as the drug was observed to be highly potent in antagonizing the effects of opioids while producing no opioid agonist effects of its own and having a favorable side effect profile. Patients that routinely take their naltrexone reported fewer days of heroin use and had more negative drug tests than those without treatment. Poor outcomes in OUD patients treated with naltrexone have been directly tied to short treatment time. Studies have shown that naltrexone given orally vs. as an implant at the 6-month interval showed a higher non-compliance rate among those who used oral medications at the 6-month mark and a slower return to use rate. There were concerns that naltrexone could possibly worsen negative symptoms seen in opiate use disorder related to blockade of endogenous opioids that are important for pleasurable stimuli. Studies have shown that naltrexone demonstrated no increase in levels of anxiety, depression and anhedonia in participants and another study found that those treated with naltrexone had a significant reduction in mental health-related hospitalizations. The latter study also concluded that there was no increased risk for mental health-related incidents in patients taking naltrexone via a long-acting implant. Although not yet FDA approved in the United States, naltrexone implant has shown promising results in Europe and Australia and may provide a novel treatment option for opioid addiction.https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/14/1/4opiatesopioid use disordernaltrexonesubstance use disorders |
| spellingShingle | Amber N. Edinoff Catherine A. Nix Claudia V. Orellana Samantha M. StPierre Erin A. Crane Blaine T. Bulloch Elyse M. Cornett Rachel L. Kozinn Adam M. Kaye Kevin S. Murnane Alan D. Kaye Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use Disorder Neurology International opiates opioid use disorder naltrexone substance use disorders |
| title | Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use Disorder |
| title_full | Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use Disorder |
| title_fullStr | Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use Disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use Disorder |
| title_short | Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use Disorder |
| title_sort | naltrexone implant for opioid use disorder |
| topic | opiates opioid use disorder naltrexone substance use disorders |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/14/1/4 |
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