Low Energy Availability with and without a High-Protein Diet Suppresses Bone Formation and Increases Bone Resorption in Men: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Suppression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and leptin secondary to low energy availability (LEA) may contribute to adverse effects on bone health. Whether a high-protein diet attenuates these effects has not been tested. Seven men completed three five-day conditions operationally defined as...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/802 |
| _version_ | 1797416749547651072 |
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| author | Chaise Murphy Laura D. Bilek Karsten Koehler |
| author_facet | Chaise Murphy Laura D. Bilek Karsten Koehler |
| author_sort | Chaise Murphy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Suppression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and leptin secondary to low energy availability (LEA) may contribute to adverse effects on bone health. Whether a high-protein diet attenuates these effects has not been tested. Seven men completed three five-day conditions operationally defined as LEA (15 kcal kg fat-free mass (FFM)<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup>) with low protein (LEA-LP; 0.8 g protein·kg body weight (BW)<sup>−1</sup>), LEA with high protein (LEA-HP; 1.7 g protein·kg BW<sup>−1</sup>) and control (CON; 40 kcal·kg FFM<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup>, 1.7 g protein·kg BW<sup>−1</sup>). In all conditions, participants expended 15 kcal·kg FFM<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup> during supervised cycling sessions. Serum samples were analyzed for markers of bone turnover, IGF-1 and leptin. The decrease in leptin during LEA-LP (−65.6 ± 4.3%) and LEA-HP (−54.3 ± 16.7%) was greater than during CON (−25.4 ± 11.4%; <i>p</i> = 0.02). Decreases in P1NP (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and increases in CTX-I (<i>p</i> = 0.04) were greater in LEA than in CON, suggesting that LEA shifted bone turnover in favour of bone resorption. No differences were found between LEA-LP and LEA-HP. Thus, five days of LEA disrupted bone turnover, but these changes were not attenuated by a high-protein diet. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:08:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd4d212a8cb7442bb3a66e3cd32979ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:08:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd4d212a8cb7442bb3a66e3cd32979ec2023-12-03T12:01:16ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-02-0113380210.3390/nu13030802Low Energy Availability with and without a High-Protein Diet Suppresses Bone Formation and Increases Bone Resorption in Men: A Randomized Controlled Pilot StudyChaise Murphy0Laura D. Bilek1Karsten Koehler2Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, GermanyCollege of Allied Health Professionals, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, GermanySuppression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and leptin secondary to low energy availability (LEA) may contribute to adverse effects on bone health. Whether a high-protein diet attenuates these effects has not been tested. Seven men completed three five-day conditions operationally defined as LEA (15 kcal kg fat-free mass (FFM)<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup>) with low protein (LEA-LP; 0.8 g protein·kg body weight (BW)<sup>−1</sup>), LEA with high protein (LEA-HP; 1.7 g protein·kg BW<sup>−1</sup>) and control (CON; 40 kcal·kg FFM<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup>, 1.7 g protein·kg BW<sup>−1</sup>). In all conditions, participants expended 15 kcal·kg FFM<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup> during supervised cycling sessions. Serum samples were analyzed for markers of bone turnover, IGF-1 and leptin. The decrease in leptin during LEA-LP (−65.6 ± 4.3%) and LEA-HP (−54.3 ± 16.7%) was greater than during CON (−25.4 ± 11.4%; <i>p</i> = 0.02). Decreases in P1NP (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and increases in CTX-I (<i>p</i> = 0.04) were greater in LEA than in CON, suggesting that LEA shifted bone turnover in favour of bone resorption. No differences were found between LEA-LP and LEA-HP. Thus, five days of LEA disrupted bone turnover, but these changes were not attenuated by a high-protein diet.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/802caloric restrictionaerobic exerciseenergy deficit |
| spellingShingle | Chaise Murphy Laura D. Bilek Karsten Koehler Low Energy Availability with and without a High-Protein Diet Suppresses Bone Formation and Increases Bone Resorption in Men: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Nutrients caloric restriction aerobic exercise energy deficit |
| title | Low Energy Availability with and without a High-Protein Diet Suppresses Bone Formation and Increases Bone Resorption in Men: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study |
| title_full | Low Energy Availability with and without a High-Protein Diet Suppresses Bone Formation and Increases Bone Resorption in Men: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Low Energy Availability with and without a High-Protein Diet Suppresses Bone Formation and Increases Bone Resorption in Men: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low Energy Availability with and without a High-Protein Diet Suppresses Bone Formation and Increases Bone Resorption in Men: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study |
| title_short | Low Energy Availability with and without a High-Protein Diet Suppresses Bone Formation and Increases Bone Resorption in Men: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study |
| title_sort | low energy availability with and without a high protein diet suppresses bone formation and increases bone resorption in men a randomized controlled pilot study |
| topic | caloric restriction aerobic exercise energy deficit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/802 |
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