The Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Injury Subsequent to SARS-Cov-2 Infection
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection is associated, alongside with lung infection and respiratory disease, to cardiovascular dysfunction that occurs at any stage of the disease. This includes ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies. The common path...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/9309 |
| _version_ | 1797416233827565568 |
|---|---|
| author | Jessica Maiuolo Rocco Mollace Micaela Gliozzi Vincenzo Musolino Cristina Carresi Sara Paone Miriam Scicchitano Roberta Macrì Saverio Nucera Francesca Bosco Federica Scarano Maria Caterina Zito Stefano Ruga Annamaria Tavernese Vincenzo Mollace |
| author_facet | Jessica Maiuolo Rocco Mollace Micaela Gliozzi Vincenzo Musolino Cristina Carresi Sara Paone Miriam Scicchitano Roberta Macrì Saverio Nucera Francesca Bosco Federica Scarano Maria Caterina Zito Stefano Ruga Annamaria Tavernese Vincenzo Mollace |
| author_sort | Jessica Maiuolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection is associated, alongside with lung infection and respiratory disease, to cardiovascular dysfunction that occurs at any stage of the disease. This includes ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies. The common pathophysiological link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cardiovascular events is represented by coagulation abnormalities and disruption of factors released by endothelial cells, which contribute in maintaining the blood vessels into an anti-thrombotic state. Thus, early alteration of the functionality of endothelial cells, which may be found soon after SARS-CoV-2 infection, seems to represent the major target of a SARS CoV-2 disease state and accounts for the systemic vascular dysfunction that leads to a detrimental effect in terms of hospitalization and death accompanying the disease. In particular, the molecular interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor located in the endothelial cell surface, either at the pulmonary and systemic level, leads to early impairment of endothelial function, which, in turn, is followed by vascular inflammation and thrombosis of peripheral blood vessels. This highlights systemic hypoxia and further aggravates the vicious circle that compromises the development of the disease, leading to irreversible tissue damage and death of people with SARS CoV-2 infection. The review aims to assess some recent advances to define the crucial role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular complications accompanying SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, the molecular mechanisms associated with the interaction of SARS CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor located on the endothelial cells are highlighted to support its role in compromising endothelial cell functionality. Finally, the consequences of endothelial dysfunction in enhancing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are assessed in order to identify early therapeutic interventions able to reduce the impact of the disease in high-risk patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:00:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd4e438698e84bc4b77c8bfb7e50a027 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:00:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd4e438698e84bc4b77c8bfb7e50a0272023-12-03T12:09:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-12-012123930910.3390/ijms21239309The Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Injury Subsequent to SARS-Cov-2 InfectionJessica Maiuolo0Rocco Mollace1Micaela Gliozzi2Vincenzo Musolino3Cristina Carresi4Sara Paone5Miriam Scicchitano6Roberta Macrì7Saverio Nucera8Francesca Bosco9Federica Scarano10Maria Caterina Zito11Stefano Ruga12Annamaria Tavernese13Vincenzo Mollace14Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInstitute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalySARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection is associated, alongside with lung infection and respiratory disease, to cardiovascular dysfunction that occurs at any stage of the disease. This includes ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies. The common pathophysiological link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cardiovascular events is represented by coagulation abnormalities and disruption of factors released by endothelial cells, which contribute in maintaining the blood vessels into an anti-thrombotic state. Thus, early alteration of the functionality of endothelial cells, which may be found soon after SARS-CoV-2 infection, seems to represent the major target of a SARS CoV-2 disease state and accounts for the systemic vascular dysfunction that leads to a detrimental effect in terms of hospitalization and death accompanying the disease. In particular, the molecular interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor located in the endothelial cell surface, either at the pulmonary and systemic level, leads to early impairment of endothelial function, which, in turn, is followed by vascular inflammation and thrombosis of peripheral blood vessels. This highlights systemic hypoxia and further aggravates the vicious circle that compromises the development of the disease, leading to irreversible tissue damage and death of people with SARS CoV-2 infection. The review aims to assess some recent advances to define the crucial role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular complications accompanying SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, the molecular mechanisms associated with the interaction of SARS CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor located on the endothelial cells are highlighted to support its role in compromising endothelial cell functionality. Finally, the consequences of endothelial dysfunction in enhancing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are assessed in order to identify early therapeutic interventions able to reduce the impact of the disease in high-risk patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/9309SARS-CoV-2angiotensin-converting enzyme 2endothelium dysfunctionthrombosisvasculitis |
| spellingShingle | Jessica Maiuolo Rocco Mollace Micaela Gliozzi Vincenzo Musolino Cristina Carresi Sara Paone Miriam Scicchitano Roberta Macrì Saverio Nucera Francesca Bosco Federica Scarano Maria Caterina Zito Stefano Ruga Annamaria Tavernese Vincenzo Mollace The Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Injury Subsequent to SARS-Cov-2 Infection International Journal of Molecular Sciences SARS-CoV-2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 endothelium dysfunction thrombosis vasculitis |
| title | The Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Injury Subsequent to SARS-Cov-2 Infection |
| title_full | The Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Injury Subsequent to SARS-Cov-2 Infection |
| title_fullStr | The Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Injury Subsequent to SARS-Cov-2 Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Injury Subsequent to SARS-Cov-2 Infection |
| title_short | The Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Injury Subsequent to SARS-Cov-2 Infection |
| title_sort | contribution of endothelial dysfunction in systemic injury subsequent to sars cov 2 infection |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 endothelium dysfunction thrombosis vasculitis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/9309 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jessicamaiuolo thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT roccomollace thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT micaelagliozzi thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT vincenzomusolino thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT cristinacarresi thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT sarapaone thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT miriamscicchitano thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT robertamacri thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT saverionucera thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT francescabosco thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT federicascarano thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT mariacaterinazito thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT stefanoruga thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT annamariatavernese thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT vincenzomollace thecontributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT jessicamaiuolo contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT roccomollace contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT micaelagliozzi contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT vincenzomusolino contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT cristinacarresi contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT sarapaone contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT miriamscicchitano contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT robertamacri contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT saverionucera contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT francescabosco contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT federicascarano contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT mariacaterinazito contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT stefanoruga contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT annamariatavernese contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection AT vincenzomollace contributionofendothelialdysfunctioninsystemicinjurysubsequenttosarscov2infection |