Multi-pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern Chinese population: Main route identification with compound-specificity
In this study, we conducted comprehensive organophosphorus flame retardant (PFR) exposure assessments of both dietary and non-dietary pathways in a rural population in southern China. Skin wipes were collected from 30 volunteers. Indoor and outdoor air (gas and particles), dust in the houses of thes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412023006256 |
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| author | Yin-Zhi Lv Xiao-Jun Luo Rui-Feng Lu Liu-Jun Chen Yan-Hong Zeng Bi-Xian Mai |
| author_facet | Yin-Zhi Lv Xiao-Jun Luo Rui-Feng Lu Liu-Jun Chen Yan-Hong Zeng Bi-Xian Mai |
| author_sort | Yin-Zhi Lv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we conducted comprehensive organophosphorus flame retardant (PFR) exposure assessments of both dietary and non-dietary pathways in a rural population in southern China. Skin wipes were collected from 30 volunteers. Indoor and outdoor air (gas and particles), dust in the houses of these volunteers, and foodstuffs consumed by these volunteers were simultaneously collected. The total PFR concentrations in dust, gas, and PM2.5 varied from 53.8 to 5.14 × 105 ng/g, 0.528 to 4.27 ng/m3, and 0.390 to 16.5 ng/m3, respectively. The forehead (median of 1.36 × 103 ng/m2) and hand (median of 920 ng/m2) exhibited relatively high PFR concentrations, followed by the forearm (median of 440 ng/m2) and upper arm (median of 230 ng/m2). The PFR concentrations in the food samples varied from 0.0700 to 10.9 ng/g wet weight in the order of egg > roast duck/goose and vegetable > pork > chicken > fish. Tris(1-chloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the main PFR in the non-diet samples, whereas the profiles of PFR individuals varied by food type. Among the multiple pathways investigated (inhalation, dermal exposure, dust ingestion, and food ingestion), dermal absorption and dust ingestion were the predominant pathways for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and bisphenol A-bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), respectively, whereas dietary exposure was the most important route for other chemicals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:31:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd504a49bceb4f899e55f8c13e212a46 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:31:37Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd504a49bceb4f899e55f8c13e212a462024-01-22T04:14:35ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202024-01-01183108352Multi-pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern Chinese population: Main route identification with compound-specificityYin-Zhi Lv0Xiao-Jun Luo1Rui-Feng Lu2Liu-Jun Chen3Yan-Hong Zeng4Bi-Xian Mai5State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, PR ChinaIn this study, we conducted comprehensive organophosphorus flame retardant (PFR) exposure assessments of both dietary and non-dietary pathways in a rural population in southern China. Skin wipes were collected from 30 volunteers. Indoor and outdoor air (gas and particles), dust in the houses of these volunteers, and foodstuffs consumed by these volunteers were simultaneously collected. The total PFR concentrations in dust, gas, and PM2.5 varied from 53.8 to 5.14 × 105 ng/g, 0.528 to 4.27 ng/m3, and 0.390 to 16.5 ng/m3, respectively. The forehead (median of 1.36 × 103 ng/m2) and hand (median of 920 ng/m2) exhibited relatively high PFR concentrations, followed by the forearm (median of 440 ng/m2) and upper arm (median of 230 ng/m2). The PFR concentrations in the food samples varied from 0.0700 to 10.9 ng/g wet weight in the order of egg > roast duck/goose and vegetable > pork > chicken > fish. Tris(1-chloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the main PFR in the non-diet samples, whereas the profiles of PFR individuals varied by food type. Among the multiple pathways investigated (inhalation, dermal exposure, dust ingestion, and food ingestion), dermal absorption and dust ingestion were the predominant pathways for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and bisphenol A-bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), respectively, whereas dietary exposure was the most important route for other chemicals.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412023006256Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs)Human exposure assessmentDiet pathwayNon-diet pathwayExposure pattern |
| spellingShingle | Yin-Zhi Lv Xiao-Jun Luo Rui-Feng Lu Liu-Jun Chen Yan-Hong Zeng Bi-Xian Mai Multi-pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern Chinese population: Main route identification with compound-specificity Environment International Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) Human exposure assessment Diet pathway Non-diet pathway Exposure pattern |
| title | Multi-pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern Chinese population: Main route identification with compound-specificity |
| title_full | Multi-pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern Chinese population: Main route identification with compound-specificity |
| title_fullStr | Multi-pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern Chinese population: Main route identification with compound-specificity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern Chinese population: Main route identification with compound-specificity |
| title_short | Multi-pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern Chinese population: Main route identification with compound-specificity |
| title_sort | multi pathway exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in a southern chinese population main route identification with compound specificity |
| topic | Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) Human exposure assessment Diet pathway Non-diet pathway Exposure pattern |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412023006256 |
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