The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Silymarin against Aluminum Chloride-Prompted Alzheimer’s-Like Disease in Rats
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a worldwide rapidly growing neurodegenerative disease. Here, we elucidated the neuroprotective effects of silymarin (SM) on the hippocampal tissues of aluminum chloride (AlCl<sub>3</sub>)-induced Alzheimer-like disease in rats using biochemical, histological,...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/9/628 |
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| author | Hanaa R. Aboelwafa Attalla F. El-kott Eman M. Abd-Ella Hany N. Yousef |
| author_facet | Hanaa R. Aboelwafa Attalla F. El-kott Eman M. Abd-Ella Hany N. Yousef |
| author_sort | Hanaa R. Aboelwafa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a worldwide rapidly growing neurodegenerative disease. Here, we elucidated the neuroprotective effects of silymarin (SM) on the hippocampal tissues of aluminum chloride (AlCl<sub>3</sub>)-induced Alzheimer-like disease in rats using biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural approaches. Forty rats were divided into control, SM, AlCl<sub>3</sub>, and AlCl<sub>3</sub> + SM groups. Biochemically, AlCl<sub>3</sub> administration resulted in marked elevation in levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) and decrease in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, AlCl<sub>3</sub> significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Furthermore, myriad histological and ultrastructural alterations were recorded in the hippocampal tissues of AlCl<sub>3</sub>-treated rats represented as marked degenerative changes of pyramidal neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Additionally, some myelinated nerve fibers exhibited irregular arrangement of their myelin coats, while the others revealed focal degranulation of their myelin sheaths. Severe defects in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) were also recorded. However, co-administration of SM with AlCl<sub>3</sub> reversed most of the biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural changes triggered by AlCl<sub>3</sub> in rats. The results of the current study indicate that SM can potentially mend most of the previously evoked neuronal damage in the hippocampal tissues of AlCl<sub>3</sub>-kindled rats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:24:47Z |
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| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:24:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd55e06672e146108958217ffac0c9d52023-11-20T13:20:03ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252020-09-0110962810.3390/brainsci10090628The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Silymarin against Aluminum Chloride-Prompted Alzheimer’s-Like Disease in RatsHanaa R. Aboelwafa0Attalla F. El-kott1Eman M. Abd-Ella2Hany N. Yousef3Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptBiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaZoology Department, College of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, EgyptDepartment of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a worldwide rapidly growing neurodegenerative disease. Here, we elucidated the neuroprotective effects of silymarin (SM) on the hippocampal tissues of aluminum chloride (AlCl<sub>3</sub>)-induced Alzheimer-like disease in rats using biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural approaches. Forty rats were divided into control, SM, AlCl<sub>3</sub>, and AlCl<sub>3</sub> + SM groups. Biochemically, AlCl<sub>3</sub> administration resulted in marked elevation in levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) and decrease in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, AlCl<sub>3</sub> significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Furthermore, myriad histological and ultrastructural alterations were recorded in the hippocampal tissues of AlCl<sub>3</sub>-treated rats represented as marked degenerative changes of pyramidal neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Additionally, some myelinated nerve fibers exhibited irregular arrangement of their myelin coats, while the others revealed focal degranulation of their myelin sheaths. Severe defects in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) were also recorded. However, co-administration of SM with AlCl<sub>3</sub> reversed most of the biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural changes triggered by AlCl<sub>3</sub> in rats. The results of the current study indicate that SM can potentially mend most of the previously evoked neuronal damage in the hippocampal tissues of AlCl<sub>3</sub>-kindled rats.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/9/628Alzheimer’s diseasesilymarinhippocampusaluminum chlorideoxidative stresshistology |
| spellingShingle | Hanaa R. Aboelwafa Attalla F. El-kott Eman M. Abd-Ella Hany N. Yousef The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Silymarin against Aluminum Chloride-Prompted Alzheimer’s-Like Disease in Rats Brain Sciences Alzheimer’s disease silymarin hippocampus aluminum chloride oxidative stress histology |
| title | The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Silymarin against Aluminum Chloride-Prompted Alzheimer’s-Like Disease in Rats |
| title_full | The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Silymarin against Aluminum Chloride-Prompted Alzheimer’s-Like Disease in Rats |
| title_fullStr | The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Silymarin against Aluminum Chloride-Prompted Alzheimer’s-Like Disease in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Silymarin against Aluminum Chloride-Prompted Alzheimer’s-Like Disease in Rats |
| title_short | The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Silymarin against Aluminum Chloride-Prompted Alzheimer’s-Like Disease in Rats |
| title_sort | possible neuroprotective effect of silymarin against aluminum chloride prompted alzheimer s like disease in rats |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease silymarin hippocampus aluminum chloride oxidative stress histology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/9/628 |
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