Hydrodynamic Hysteresis and Solute Transport in Agglomerated Heaps under Irrigation, Stacking, and Bioleaching Controlling
Hydrodynamic hysteresis exists widely in agglomerated heaps with well-developed intra-pores, and it directly affects solute transports and bioleaching reaction. In this paper, the dynamic liquid retention behavior under different heap porosity and irrigation condition is quantified via a novel real-...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/12/1623 |
| _version_ | 1797456172933971968 |
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| author | Leiming Wang Shenghua Yin Xuelan Zhang Zepeng Yan Wensheng Liao |
| author_facet | Leiming Wang Shenghua Yin Xuelan Zhang Zepeng Yan Wensheng Liao |
| author_sort | Leiming Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrodynamic hysteresis exists widely in agglomerated heaps with well-developed intra-pores, and it directly affects solute transports and bioleaching reaction. In this paper, the dynamic liquid retention behavior under different heap porosity and irrigation condition is quantified via a novel real-time, in-situ liquid retention characterizing system (RILRCS), and the potential effects of initial liquid retention on solute transport and leaching reaction are carefully discussed. The results show that the immobile liquid is dominant in agglomerated heaps. The ratio of immobile and mobile liquid (<i>η</i>) dynamically changes due to mineral dissolution and new flow path appearances. The <i>η</i> normally increases and mobile liquid occupies a higher proportion due to acidic leaching reactions, especially at a smaller <i>R<sub>g</sub></i> (10.32 mm) and a larger <i>u</i> (0.10 mm/s). The dynamic liquid retention is more sensitive to the diameter of packed feeds (<i>R<sub>g</sub></i>) and superficial flow rate (<i>u</i>) instead of leaching reactions. This might be because the damage of leaching reaction on minerals pores/voids is limited and cannot extensively change the potential pore channels or fluid flow paths. Based on pulse tracing and conductivity tests, we reveal that the solute resides longer under a slower <i>u</i> and smaller packed <i>R<sub>g</sub></i> condition, which corresponds well with desirable copper leaching efficiency. Specifically, the liquid hysteresis behavior is more obvious at a lower <i>u</i> (0.01 mm/s) and smaller <i>R<sub>g</sub></i> (10.32 mm). This paper gives a good reference to ascertain the liquid retention and hydrodynamic hysteresis and promote mineral leaching performance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:03:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd58003c4def4faebc8aa92bb5643a85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:03:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd58003c4def4faebc8aa92bb5643a852023-11-24T16:52:58ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-12-011212162310.3390/min12121623Hydrodynamic Hysteresis and Solute Transport in Agglomerated Heaps under Irrigation, Stacking, and Bioleaching ControllingLeiming Wang0Shenghua Yin1Xuelan Zhang2Zepeng Yan3Wensheng Liao4Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering Metallurgy, Beijing 101149, ChinaHydrodynamic hysteresis exists widely in agglomerated heaps with well-developed intra-pores, and it directly affects solute transports and bioleaching reaction. In this paper, the dynamic liquid retention behavior under different heap porosity and irrigation condition is quantified via a novel real-time, in-situ liquid retention characterizing system (RILRCS), and the potential effects of initial liquid retention on solute transport and leaching reaction are carefully discussed. The results show that the immobile liquid is dominant in agglomerated heaps. The ratio of immobile and mobile liquid (<i>η</i>) dynamically changes due to mineral dissolution and new flow path appearances. The <i>η</i> normally increases and mobile liquid occupies a higher proportion due to acidic leaching reactions, especially at a smaller <i>R<sub>g</sub></i> (10.32 mm) and a larger <i>u</i> (0.10 mm/s). The dynamic liquid retention is more sensitive to the diameter of packed feeds (<i>R<sub>g</sub></i>) and superficial flow rate (<i>u</i>) instead of leaching reactions. This might be because the damage of leaching reaction on minerals pores/voids is limited and cannot extensively change the potential pore channels or fluid flow paths. Based on pulse tracing and conductivity tests, we reveal that the solute resides longer under a slower <i>u</i> and smaller packed <i>R<sub>g</sub></i> condition, which corresponds well with desirable copper leaching efficiency. Specifically, the liquid hysteresis behavior is more obvious at a lower <i>u</i> (0.01 mm/s) and smaller <i>R<sub>g</sub></i> (10.32 mm). This paper gives a good reference to ascertain the liquid retention and hydrodynamic hysteresis and promote mineral leaching performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/12/1623agglomerated heapliquid retentionhysteresis behaviorsolute transportfluid flow |
| spellingShingle | Leiming Wang Shenghua Yin Xuelan Zhang Zepeng Yan Wensheng Liao Hydrodynamic Hysteresis and Solute Transport in Agglomerated Heaps under Irrigation, Stacking, and Bioleaching Controlling Minerals agglomerated heap liquid retention hysteresis behavior solute transport fluid flow |
| title | Hydrodynamic Hysteresis and Solute Transport in Agglomerated Heaps under Irrigation, Stacking, and Bioleaching Controlling |
| title_full | Hydrodynamic Hysteresis and Solute Transport in Agglomerated Heaps under Irrigation, Stacking, and Bioleaching Controlling |
| title_fullStr | Hydrodynamic Hysteresis and Solute Transport in Agglomerated Heaps under Irrigation, Stacking, and Bioleaching Controlling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrodynamic Hysteresis and Solute Transport in Agglomerated Heaps under Irrigation, Stacking, and Bioleaching Controlling |
| title_short | Hydrodynamic Hysteresis and Solute Transport in Agglomerated Heaps under Irrigation, Stacking, and Bioleaching Controlling |
| title_sort | hydrodynamic hysteresis and solute transport in agglomerated heaps under irrigation stacking and bioleaching controlling |
| topic | agglomerated heap liquid retention hysteresis behavior solute transport fluid flow |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/12/1623 |
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