Investigation on the Carbonation Behavior of Alkali-Activated Pastes Served under Windy Environments
Most reinforced concrete structures serve under windy environments, and the carbonation resistance under that circumstance exhibits significant difference from that under the steady (no wind) environment. In this study, a windy environment was simulated using one self-developed wind tunnel, and alka...
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2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/2/825 |
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| author | Dong Cui Lingshu Shen Yidong Shen Guantong Han Xiaoying Xie Qianfei Cao Jing Wang Hao Wei Qiannan Wang Keren Zheng |
| author_facet | Dong Cui Lingshu Shen Yidong Shen Guantong Han Xiaoying Xie Qianfei Cao Jing Wang Hao Wei Qiannan Wang Keren Zheng |
| author_sort | Dong Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most reinforced concrete structures serve under windy environments, and the carbonation resistance under that circumstance exhibits significant difference from that under the steady (no wind) environment. In this study, a windy environment was simulated using one self-developed wind tunnel, and alkali-activated slag/fly ash paste specimens were adopted for the carbonation under variant windy environments. Meanwhile, to reveal the effect of inner humidity on the carbonation, sliced alkali-activated materials (AAM) were mass-balanced first to variant humidity, and were then carbonated under a 2.5 m/s windy environment. With the assistance of computed tomography (CT), the structure of AAM at variant carbonation ages was rendered. The experimental result showed that wind is capable of promoting the exchange of moisture between the sample inside and the outer atmosphere, leading to faster carbonation as compared to that under no wind environment. When preconditioned to lower inner humidity, the carbonation rate of AAM was faster because the larger gaseous space benefited the intrusion of both CO<sub>2</sub> and moisture. Furthermore, when preconditioned to lower humidity, the cracking extent of AAM was severer, which also contributed to the faster carbonation. Moreover, compared with ordinary Portland cement (OPC), the carbonation front on each instant 1D gray-scale value profile was broader, which suggested that the carbonation progress of AAM under windy environments was no longer controlled solely by diffusion. In addition, the gray-scale value on instant 1D profile fluctuated drastically, which verified cracking in AAM carbonated under windy environments. The current work not only deepens the understanding of the carbonation mechanism in-site (mostly under windy environments), but also helps to develop more environment-friendly construction material, with better durability performance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:47:49Z |
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| id | doaj.art-bd5881bc2c0d4ae9801008c778797f55 |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:47:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd5881bc2c0d4ae9801008c778797f552023-11-30T23:18:43ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-01-0116282510.3390/ma16020825Investigation on the Carbonation Behavior of Alkali-Activated Pastes Served under Windy EnvironmentsDong Cui0Lingshu Shen1Yidong Shen2Guantong Han3Xiaoying Xie4Qianfei Cao5Jing Wang6Hao Wei7Qiannan Wang8Keren Zheng9Department of Civil Engineering, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, ChinaMost reinforced concrete structures serve under windy environments, and the carbonation resistance under that circumstance exhibits significant difference from that under the steady (no wind) environment. In this study, a windy environment was simulated using one self-developed wind tunnel, and alkali-activated slag/fly ash paste specimens were adopted for the carbonation under variant windy environments. Meanwhile, to reveal the effect of inner humidity on the carbonation, sliced alkali-activated materials (AAM) were mass-balanced first to variant humidity, and were then carbonated under a 2.5 m/s windy environment. With the assistance of computed tomography (CT), the structure of AAM at variant carbonation ages was rendered. The experimental result showed that wind is capable of promoting the exchange of moisture between the sample inside and the outer atmosphere, leading to faster carbonation as compared to that under no wind environment. When preconditioned to lower inner humidity, the carbonation rate of AAM was faster because the larger gaseous space benefited the intrusion of both CO<sub>2</sub> and moisture. Furthermore, when preconditioned to lower humidity, the cracking extent of AAM was severer, which also contributed to the faster carbonation. Moreover, compared with ordinary Portland cement (OPC), the carbonation front on each instant 1D gray-scale value profile was broader, which suggested that the carbonation progress of AAM under windy environments was no longer controlled solely by diffusion. In addition, the gray-scale value on instant 1D profile fluctuated drastically, which verified cracking in AAM carbonated under windy environments. The current work not only deepens the understanding of the carbonation mechanism in-site (mostly under windy environments), but also helps to develop more environment-friendly construction material, with better durability performance.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/2/825alkali-activated slagcarbonationwind environmentcementitious materialsdurability |
| spellingShingle | Dong Cui Lingshu Shen Yidong Shen Guantong Han Xiaoying Xie Qianfei Cao Jing Wang Hao Wei Qiannan Wang Keren Zheng Investigation on the Carbonation Behavior of Alkali-Activated Pastes Served under Windy Environments Materials alkali-activated slag carbonation wind environment cementitious materials durability |
| title | Investigation on the Carbonation Behavior of Alkali-Activated Pastes Served under Windy Environments |
| title_full | Investigation on the Carbonation Behavior of Alkali-Activated Pastes Served under Windy Environments |
| title_fullStr | Investigation on the Carbonation Behavior of Alkali-Activated Pastes Served under Windy Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation on the Carbonation Behavior of Alkali-Activated Pastes Served under Windy Environments |
| title_short | Investigation on the Carbonation Behavior of Alkali-Activated Pastes Served under Windy Environments |
| title_sort | investigation on the carbonation behavior of alkali activated pastes served under windy environments |
| topic | alkali-activated slag carbonation wind environment cementitious materials durability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/2/825 |
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