Environmental Impact Assessment of Organic vs. Integrated Olive-Oil Systems in Mediterranean Context
Olive oil is a widely used consumer product, so producers and consumers are increasingly looking for sustainable productions. The olive-oil production chain requires continuous improvements to gradually replace the most environmentally impactful practices with others that are more sustainable. This...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/3/416 |
| _version_ | 1818720979442991104 |
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| author | Angela Maffia Maria Pergola Assunta Maria Palese Giuseppe Celano |
| author_facet | Angela Maffia Maria Pergola Assunta Maria Palese Giuseppe Celano |
| author_sort | Angela Maffia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Olive oil is a widely used consumer product, so producers and consumers are increasingly looking for sustainable productions. The olive-oil production chain requires continuous improvements to gradually replace the most environmentally impactful practices with others that are more sustainable. This research aimed to evaluate the environmental impacts of the production of olive oil in the Campania region by comparing six olive oil production systems (two organic certified, two integrated, and two organic—hobbyists). The environmental impacts for the production of one liter of oil—from field cultivation to oil distribution—were quantified by applying the life cycle assessment methodology. Impact categories were calculated according to the CML method, with particular attention paid to global warming potential. The production of one liter of oil caused CO<sub>2</sub>eq emissions ranging from 0.22 to 3.39 kg. The least impacting cultivation method was the hobby one, which did not use pesticides and carried out organic fertilization. On average, packaging accounted for 60% of total impacts; consequently, the materials and formats choice by farms had strong effects on the environmental sustainability of oil production. This research highlights the problem of expressing sustainability judgments in agriculture, since there are no reference standards/targets that set limits beyond which agricultural productions are no longer sustainable. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:31:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd6937a0f53e49c78d9b4c92576d805d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:31:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd6937a0f53e49c78d9b4c92576d805d2022-12-21T21:33:34ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-03-0110341610.3390/agronomy10030416agronomy10030416Environmental Impact Assessment of Organic vs. Integrated Olive-Oil Systems in Mediterranean ContextAngela Maffia0Maria Pergola1Assunta Maria Palese2Giuseppe Celano3Degree Course of Agriculture, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, (DIFARMA), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyAges s.r.l. s-Spin-off Accademico, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100 Potenza, ItalyAges s.r.l. s-Spin-off Accademico, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100 Potenza, ItalyDegree Course of Agriculture, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, (DIFARMA), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyOlive oil is a widely used consumer product, so producers and consumers are increasingly looking for sustainable productions. The olive-oil production chain requires continuous improvements to gradually replace the most environmentally impactful practices with others that are more sustainable. This research aimed to evaluate the environmental impacts of the production of olive oil in the Campania region by comparing six olive oil production systems (two organic certified, two integrated, and two organic—hobbyists). The environmental impacts for the production of one liter of oil—from field cultivation to oil distribution—were quantified by applying the life cycle assessment methodology. Impact categories were calculated according to the CML method, with particular attention paid to global warming potential. The production of one liter of oil caused CO<sub>2</sub>eq emissions ranging from 0.22 to 3.39 kg. The least impacting cultivation method was the hobby one, which did not use pesticides and carried out organic fertilization. On average, packaging accounted for 60% of total impacts; consequently, the materials and formats choice by farms had strong effects on the environmental sustainability of oil production. This research highlights the problem of expressing sustainability judgments in agriculture, since there are no reference standards/targets that set limits beyond which agricultural productions are no longer sustainable.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/3/416olive orchardslife cycle assessmentsustainable agriculturesustainability |
| spellingShingle | Angela Maffia Maria Pergola Assunta Maria Palese Giuseppe Celano Environmental Impact Assessment of Organic vs. Integrated Olive-Oil Systems in Mediterranean Context Agronomy olive orchards life cycle assessment sustainable agriculture sustainability |
| title | Environmental Impact Assessment of Organic vs. Integrated Olive-Oil Systems in Mediterranean Context |
| title_full | Environmental Impact Assessment of Organic vs. Integrated Olive-Oil Systems in Mediterranean Context |
| title_fullStr | Environmental Impact Assessment of Organic vs. Integrated Olive-Oil Systems in Mediterranean Context |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental Impact Assessment of Organic vs. Integrated Olive-Oil Systems in Mediterranean Context |
| title_short | Environmental Impact Assessment of Organic vs. Integrated Olive-Oil Systems in Mediterranean Context |
| title_sort | environmental impact assessment of organic vs integrated olive oil systems in mediterranean context |
| topic | olive orchards life cycle assessment sustainable agriculture sustainability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/3/416 |
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