Mixed-Layer Illite-Smectite Illitization under Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions
The long-term safe storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in geological reservoirs requires the understanding of the impact of CO<sub>2</sub> on clay-rich sealing cap rocks. The reactivity of the mixed layer of illite-smectite was investigated to determine the reaction pathways under cond...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/22/11477 |
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| author | Domingo Martín Patricia Aparicio Susana García María Mercedes Maroto-Valer |
| author_facet | Domingo Martín Patricia Aparicio Susana García María Mercedes Maroto-Valer |
| author_sort | Domingo Martín |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The long-term safe storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in geological reservoirs requires the understanding of the impact of CO<sub>2</sub> on clay-rich sealing cap rocks. The reactivity of the mixed layer of illite-smectite was investigated to determine the reaction pathways under conditions of supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (scCO<sub>2</sub>) conditions in the context of geological CO<sub>2</sub> storage. A common clay (blue marl from the Guadalquivir Tertiary basin, southern Spain) was tested under brine scCO<sub>2</sub> conditions (100 bar and 35 °C) for 120 and 240 h. The clay sample (blue marl) contains calcite, quartz, illite, smectite, and the corresponding mixed-layer and kaolinite. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analyses were performed. The illitization of mixed-layer illite-smectite was observed by XRD and confirmed by a variation in the content of different elements (K, Mg, Na, Ca, and Fe) of the transformation, as well as an increase in the specific surface (SSA) of the clay (36.1 to 38.1 m<sup>2</sup>/g by N<sub>2</sub>, 14.5 to 15.4 m<sup>2</sup>/g by CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption). Furthermore, these reactions lead to mineral dissolution and secondary mineral formation along the CO<sub>2</sub>–water–clay intercalations of the source rock were responsible for a change in porosity (7.8 to 7.0 nm pore size). The implications of illitisation, mineral destruction, and precipitation processes on CO<sub>2</sub> storage and clay layer integrity should be explored before deciding on a geological storage location. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:30:37Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-bd6f0bcb092f4e8b8f766d56a8d5d7eb2023-11-24T07:36:00ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-11-0112221147710.3390/app122211477Mixed-Layer Illite-Smectite Illitization under Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> ConditionsDomingo Martín0Patricia Aparicio1Susana García2María Mercedes Maroto-Valer3Departamento Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola—Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, SpainDepartamento Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola—Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, SpainResearch Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UKResearch Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UKThe long-term safe storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in geological reservoirs requires the understanding of the impact of CO<sub>2</sub> on clay-rich sealing cap rocks. The reactivity of the mixed layer of illite-smectite was investigated to determine the reaction pathways under conditions of supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (scCO<sub>2</sub>) conditions in the context of geological CO<sub>2</sub> storage. A common clay (blue marl from the Guadalquivir Tertiary basin, southern Spain) was tested under brine scCO<sub>2</sub> conditions (100 bar and 35 °C) for 120 and 240 h. The clay sample (blue marl) contains calcite, quartz, illite, smectite, and the corresponding mixed-layer and kaolinite. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analyses were performed. The illitization of mixed-layer illite-smectite was observed by XRD and confirmed by a variation in the content of different elements (K, Mg, Na, Ca, and Fe) of the transformation, as well as an increase in the specific surface (SSA) of the clay (36.1 to 38.1 m<sup>2</sup>/g by N<sub>2</sub>, 14.5 to 15.4 m<sup>2</sup>/g by CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption). Furthermore, these reactions lead to mineral dissolution and secondary mineral formation along the CO<sub>2</sub>–water–clay intercalations of the source rock were responsible for a change in porosity (7.8 to 7.0 nm pore size). The implications of illitisation, mineral destruction, and precipitation processes on CO<sub>2</sub> storage and clay layer integrity should be explored before deciding on a geological storage location.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/22/11477carbon geological storagesealing cap rockcommon claymixed-layer illite-smectiteillitizationmarls |
| spellingShingle | Domingo Martín Patricia Aparicio Susana García María Mercedes Maroto-Valer Mixed-Layer Illite-Smectite Illitization under Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions Applied Sciences carbon geological storage sealing cap rock common clay mixed-layer illite-smectite illitization marls |
| title | Mixed-Layer Illite-Smectite Illitization under Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions |
| title_full | Mixed-Layer Illite-Smectite Illitization under Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Mixed-Layer Illite-Smectite Illitization under Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mixed-Layer Illite-Smectite Illitization under Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions |
| title_short | Mixed-Layer Illite-Smectite Illitization under Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions |
| title_sort | mixed layer illite smectite illitization under supercritical co sub 2 sub conditions |
| topic | carbon geological storage sealing cap rock common clay mixed-layer illite-smectite illitization marls |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/22/11477 |
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