<it>In Vitro</it> efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen <it>Mycoplasma mycoides</it> subsp. <it>capri</it>
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mycoplasmosis is a common infection in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with chronic inflammation and high morbidity. <it>Mycoplasma</it> species are often intrinsically resistant to many conventional anti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/169 |
| _version_ | 1819154467010904064 |
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| author | Arjoon Amanda V Saylor Charlotte V May Meghan |
| author_facet | Arjoon Amanda V Saylor Charlotte V May Meghan |
| author_sort | Arjoon Amanda V |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mycoplasmosis is a common infection in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with chronic inflammation and high morbidity. <it>Mycoplasma</it> species are often intrinsically resistant to many conventional antimicrobial therapies, and the resistance patterns of pathogenic mycoplasmas to commonly used medicinal (antimicrobial) plant extracts are currently unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Aqueous extracts, ethanol extracts, or oils of the targeted plant species and colloidal silver were prepared or purchased. Activity against the wall-less bacterial pathogen <it>Mycoplasma mycoides</it> subsp. <it>capri</it> was determined and compared to activities measured against <it>Escherichia coli</it> and <it>Bacillus subtilis</it>. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assays. The lethal or inhibitory nature of each extract was determined by subculture into neat growth medium.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Growth of <it>M</it>. <it>mycoides capri</it>, <it>E</it>. <it>coli</it>, and <it>B</it>. <it>subtilis</it> was inhibited by elderberry extract, oregano oil, ethanol extract of oregano leaves, and ethanol extract of goldenseal root. No inhibition was seen with aqueous extract of astragalus or calendula oil. Growth of <it>M</it>. <it>mycoides capri</it> and <it>B</it>. <it>subtilis</it> was inhibited by ethanol extract of astragalus, whereas growth of <it>E</it>. <it>coli</it> was not. Similarly, <it>M</it>. <it>mycoides capri</it> and <it>E</it>. <it>coli</it> were inhibited by aqueous extract of thyme, but <it>B</it>. <it>subtilis</it> was unaffected. Only <it>B</it>. <it>subtilis</it> was inhibited by colloidal silver. Measured MICs ranged from 0.0003 mg/mL to 3.8 mg/mL. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects differed by species and extract.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The atypical pathogen <it>M</it>. <it>mycoides capri</it> was sensitive to extracts from many medicinal plants commonly used as antimicrobials in states of preparation and concentrations currently available for purchase in the United States and Europe. Variation in bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities between species and extracts indicates that multiple effecter compounds are present in these plant species.</p> |
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| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6882 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T15:21:32Z |
| publishDate | 2012-10-01 |
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| series | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd6f895a24d746c0bd884befd13057052022-12-21T18:21:36ZengBMCBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine1472-68822012-10-0112116910.1186/1472-6882-12-169<it>In Vitro</it> efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen <it>Mycoplasma mycoides</it> subsp. <it>capri</it>Arjoon Amanda VSaylor Charlotte VMay Meghan<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mycoplasmosis is a common infection in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with chronic inflammation and high morbidity. <it>Mycoplasma</it> species are often intrinsically resistant to many conventional antimicrobial therapies, and the resistance patterns of pathogenic mycoplasmas to commonly used medicinal (antimicrobial) plant extracts are currently unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Aqueous extracts, ethanol extracts, or oils of the targeted plant species and colloidal silver were prepared or purchased. Activity against the wall-less bacterial pathogen <it>Mycoplasma mycoides</it> subsp. <it>capri</it> was determined and compared to activities measured against <it>Escherichia coli</it> and <it>Bacillus subtilis</it>. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assays. The lethal or inhibitory nature of each extract was determined by subculture into neat growth medium.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Growth of <it>M</it>. <it>mycoides capri</it>, <it>E</it>. <it>coli</it>, and <it>B</it>. <it>subtilis</it> was inhibited by elderberry extract, oregano oil, ethanol extract of oregano leaves, and ethanol extract of goldenseal root. No inhibition was seen with aqueous extract of astragalus or calendula oil. Growth of <it>M</it>. <it>mycoides capri</it> and <it>B</it>. <it>subtilis</it> was inhibited by ethanol extract of astragalus, whereas growth of <it>E</it>. <it>coli</it> was not. Similarly, <it>M</it>. <it>mycoides capri</it> and <it>E</it>. <it>coli</it> were inhibited by aqueous extract of thyme, but <it>B</it>. <it>subtilis</it> was unaffected. Only <it>B</it>. <it>subtilis</it> was inhibited by colloidal silver. Measured MICs ranged from 0.0003 mg/mL to 3.8 mg/mL. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects differed by species and extract.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The atypical pathogen <it>M</it>. <it>mycoides capri</it> was sensitive to extracts from many medicinal plants commonly used as antimicrobials in states of preparation and concentrations currently available for purchase in the United States and Europe. Variation in bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities between species and extracts indicates that multiple effecter compounds are present in these plant species.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/169 |
| spellingShingle | Arjoon Amanda V Saylor Charlotte V May Meghan <it>In Vitro</it> efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen <it>Mycoplasma mycoides</it> subsp. <it>capri</it> BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| title | <it>In Vitro</it> efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen <it>Mycoplasma mycoides</it> subsp. <it>capri</it> |
| title_full | <it>In Vitro</it> efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen <it>Mycoplasma mycoides</it> subsp. <it>capri</it> |
| title_fullStr | <it>In Vitro</it> efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen <it>Mycoplasma mycoides</it> subsp. <it>capri</it> |
| title_full_unstemmed | <it>In Vitro</it> efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen <it>Mycoplasma mycoides</it> subsp. <it>capri</it> |
| title_short | <it>In Vitro</it> efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen <it>Mycoplasma mycoides</it> subsp. <it>capri</it> |
| title_sort | it in vitro it efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen it mycoplasma mycoides it subsp it capri it |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/169 |
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