Analysis of Ash Melting Temperatures of Agricultural Pellets Detected during Different Conditions
Agricultural and other residues are promising renewable energy sources. However, they can cause problems in combustion processes. One of these problems is also low ash melting temperatures. Except, the ash melting behavior can be impacted by many factors, such as ash preparation or used atmosphere....
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Fire |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/6/3/88 |
| _version_ | 1797611834624180224 |
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| author | Nikola Čajová Kantová Michal Holubčík Juraj Trnka Alexander Čaja |
| author_facet | Nikola Čajová Kantová Michal Holubčík Juraj Trnka Alexander Čaja |
| author_sort | Nikola Čajová Kantová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agricultural and other residues are promising renewable energy sources. However, they can cause problems in combustion processes. One of these problems is also low ash melting temperatures. Except, the ash melting behavior can be impacted by many factors, such as ash preparation or used atmosphere. This article deals with comparing different atmosphere conditions during measurements of ash melting temperatures of three agricultural pellets: alfalfa, straw, and hay. The first one was oxidizing with compressed air and nitrogen. The second atmosphere was reduced with the air purge, and the last was only reduced, consisting of 60% carbon monoxide and 40% carbon dioxide. Differences between individual atmospheres were none, up to 9.8%. The most significant differences have appeared between oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. In general, the oxidizing atmosphere presents a less expensive way. More attention should be paid to the use of oxidizing atmosphere for applications in heat sources mainly due to its similarity to the combustion process. However, it would be suitable to realize more comprehensive research regarding ash preparation in different ways and with using of different types of fuel. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:33:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd71f502afff4e1ea5b2c3fcfb9150bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-6255 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:33:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fire |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd71f502afff4e1ea5b2c3fcfb9150bc2023-11-17T11:03:20ZengMDPI AGFire2571-62552023-02-01638810.3390/fire6030088Analysis of Ash Melting Temperatures of Agricultural Pellets Detected during Different ConditionsNikola Čajová Kantová0Michal Holubčík1Juraj Trnka2Alexander Čaja3Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, SlovakiaDepartment of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, SlovakiaResearch Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, SlovakiaDepartment of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, SlovakiaAgricultural and other residues are promising renewable energy sources. However, they can cause problems in combustion processes. One of these problems is also low ash melting temperatures. Except, the ash melting behavior can be impacted by many factors, such as ash preparation or used atmosphere. This article deals with comparing different atmosphere conditions during measurements of ash melting temperatures of three agricultural pellets: alfalfa, straw, and hay. The first one was oxidizing with compressed air and nitrogen. The second atmosphere was reduced with the air purge, and the last was only reduced, consisting of 60% carbon monoxide and 40% carbon dioxide. Differences between individual atmospheres were none, up to 9.8%. The most significant differences have appeared between oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. In general, the oxidizing atmosphere presents a less expensive way. More attention should be paid to the use of oxidizing atmosphere for applications in heat sources mainly due to its similarity to the combustion process. However, it would be suitable to realize more comprehensive research regarding ash preparation in different ways and with using of different types of fuel.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/6/3/88ash melting temperatureash fusion temperatureash sinteringbiomasscombustionoxidizing conditions |
| spellingShingle | Nikola Čajová Kantová Michal Holubčík Juraj Trnka Alexander Čaja Analysis of Ash Melting Temperatures of Agricultural Pellets Detected during Different Conditions Fire ash melting temperature ash fusion temperature ash sintering biomass combustion oxidizing conditions |
| title | Analysis of Ash Melting Temperatures of Agricultural Pellets Detected during Different Conditions |
| title_full | Analysis of Ash Melting Temperatures of Agricultural Pellets Detected during Different Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Ash Melting Temperatures of Agricultural Pellets Detected during Different Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Ash Melting Temperatures of Agricultural Pellets Detected during Different Conditions |
| title_short | Analysis of Ash Melting Temperatures of Agricultural Pellets Detected during Different Conditions |
| title_sort | analysis of ash melting temperatures of agricultural pellets detected during different conditions |
| topic | ash melting temperature ash fusion temperature ash sintering biomass combustion oxidizing conditions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/6/3/88 |
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