Cigarette smoking increases plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α
Background and objective: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of a wide range of critical health problems such as cancers, especially those related to the respiratory system. Although studies are continuing on the smoking-related inflammatory responses, limited reports are there to explore how such...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://bjbabs.org/index.php/bjbabs/article/view/108/91 |
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| author | Shireen A. Al-tameemi Najwa J. Hameed Karina B. Gomes Hussein A. Abid |
| author_facet | Shireen A. Al-tameemi Najwa J. Hameed Karina B. Gomes Hussein A. Abid |
| author_sort | Shireen A. Al-tameemi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and objective: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of a wide range of critical health problems such as cancers, especially those related to the respiratory system. Although studies are continuing on the smoking-related inflammatory responses, limited reports are there to explore how such responses can be affected by the smoking intensity. Therefore, the current communication aimed to shed light on how smoking and smoking intensity can affect some inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers.
Methods: A total of 159 subjects (108 smokers and 51 non-smokers) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Their sociodemographic, smoking intensity and blood samples were obtained and processed using approved methodologies. The blood plasma samples were used to quantify interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and ferritin by using ELISA. The gained data was then analyzed using GraphPad Prism software to assess the variations.
Results: Both IL-6 and TNF-α are elevated markedly (p<0.001) in smoker subjects when compared with non-smoker ones (IL-6: 2.58±0.98 vs. 1.858±0.6256 pg/ml, TNF-α: 28.38±7.162 vs. 22.64±7.257 pg/ml). However, no significant differences were observed in other biomarkers comparing the groups, as well as no significant association was evidenced based on smoking intensity among smokers.
Conclusions: The findings might point to a relationship between smoking and the elevation of IL-6 and TNF-α levels in a cigarette dose-dependent manner. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:49:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd73867214c14deea51491d354a99812 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2706-9915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:49:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd73867214c14deea51491d354a998122022-12-22T04:20:45ZengCollege of Medicine, Al-Nahrain UniversityBaghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences2706-99152022-03-01301606810.47419/bjbabs.v3i01.108Cigarette smoking increases plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-αShireen A. Al-tameemi0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0089-7674Najwa J. Hameed1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-2255Karina B. Gomes2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0525-9295Hussein A. Abid3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-816XDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Diyala, Baqubah 32001, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Diyala, Baqubah 32001, IraqDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, BrazilScientific Affairs and Cultural Relations Section, Al-Nahrain University, Jadiriyah 10070, IraqBackground and objective: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of a wide range of critical health problems such as cancers, especially those related to the respiratory system. Although studies are continuing on the smoking-related inflammatory responses, limited reports are there to explore how such responses can be affected by the smoking intensity. Therefore, the current communication aimed to shed light on how smoking and smoking intensity can affect some inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: A total of 159 subjects (108 smokers and 51 non-smokers) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Their sociodemographic, smoking intensity and blood samples were obtained and processed using approved methodologies. The blood plasma samples were used to quantify interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and ferritin by using ELISA. The gained data was then analyzed using GraphPad Prism software to assess the variations. Results: Both IL-6 and TNF-α are elevated markedly (p<0.001) in smoker subjects when compared with non-smoker ones (IL-6: 2.58±0.98 vs. 1.858±0.6256 pg/ml, TNF-α: 28.38±7.162 vs. 22.64±7.257 pg/ml). However, no significant differences were observed in other biomarkers comparing the groups, as well as no significant association was evidenced based on smoking intensity among smokers. Conclusions: The findings might point to a relationship between smoking and the elevation of IL-6 and TNF-α levels in a cigarette dose-dependent manner.https://bjbabs.org/index.php/bjbabs/article/view/108/91biomarkerscytokinesinflammationsmoking |
| spellingShingle | Shireen A. Al-tameemi Najwa J. Hameed Karina B. Gomes Hussein A. Abid Cigarette smoking increases plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences biomarkers cytokines inflammation smoking |
| title | Cigarette smoking increases plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α |
| title_full | Cigarette smoking increases plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α |
| title_fullStr | Cigarette smoking increases plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cigarette smoking increases plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α |
| title_short | Cigarette smoking increases plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α |
| title_sort | cigarette smoking increases plasma levels of il 6 and tnf α |
| topic | biomarkers cytokines inflammation smoking |
| url | https://bjbabs.org/index.php/bjbabs/article/view/108/91 |
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