The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
Background Excess dietary salt consumption is a major contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Public education programs on the dangers of high salt intake, and population level interventions to reduce the salt content in foods are possible strategies to address this problem. In Jamai...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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F1000 Research Ltd
2023-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://f1000research.com/articles/11-721/v2 |
| _version_ | 1797348715506171904 |
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| author | Sharmaine Edwards Simone Spence Evelyn Walker Simon Anderson Novie Younger-Coleman Joette McKenzie Ishtar Govia Suzanne Soares-Wynter Andriene Grant Kelly-Ann Gordon-Johnson James Ho Tamu Davidson Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid Nadia R. Bennett Trevor S. Ferguson Karen Webster-Kerr |
| author_facet | Sharmaine Edwards Simone Spence Evelyn Walker Simon Anderson Novie Younger-Coleman Joette McKenzie Ishtar Govia Suzanne Soares-Wynter Andriene Grant Kelly-Ann Gordon-Johnson James Ho Tamu Davidson Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid Nadia R. Bennett Trevor S. Ferguson Karen Webster-Kerr |
| author_sort | Sharmaine Edwards |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Excess dietary salt consumption is a major contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Public education programs on the dangers of high salt intake, and population level interventions to reduce the salt content in foods are possible strategies to address this problem. In Jamaica, there are limited data on the levels of salt consumption and the population’s knowledge and practices with regards to salt consumption. This study therefore aims to obtain baseline data on salt consumption, salt content in foods sold in restaurants, and evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Jamaicans regarding salt consumption. Methods The study is divided into four components. Component 1 will be a secondary analysis of data on urinary sodium from spot urine samples collected as part of a national survey, the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2016-2017. Component 2 will be a survey of chain and non-chain restaurants in Jamaica, to estimate the sodium content of foods sold in restaurants. Component 3 is another national survey, this time on a sample 1,200 individuals to obtain data on knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding salt consumption and estimation of urinary sodium excretion. Component 4 is a validation study to assess the level of agreement between spot urine sodium estimates and 24-hour urinary sodium from 120 individuals from Component 3. Discussion This study will provide important baseline data on salt consumption in Jamaica and will fulfil the first components of the World Health Organization SHAKE Technical Package for Salt Reduction. The findings will serve as a guide to Jamaica’s Ministry of Health and Wellness in the development of a national salt reduction program. Findings will also inform interventions to promote individual and population level sodium reduction strategies as the country seeks to achieve the national target of a 30% reduction in salt consumption by 2025. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:09:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd75ba2dc21f40689d452b65ad08c5d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-1402 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:09:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | F1000 Research Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | F1000Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd75ba2dc21f40689d452b65ad08c5d52024-01-23T01:00:05ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022023-11-0111159250The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]Sharmaine Edwards0Simone Spence1Evelyn Walker2Simon Anderson3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-073XNovie Younger-Coleman4Joette McKenzie5Ishtar Govia6Suzanne Soares-Wynter7Andriene Grant8Kelly-Ann Gordon-Johnson9James Ho10Tamu Davidson11Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid12Nadia R. Bennett13Trevor S. Ferguson14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-1452Karen Webster-Kerr15Ministry of Health and Wellness, Kingston 5, JamaicaMinistry of Health and Wellness, Kingston 5, JamaicaEpidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, JamaicaGeorge Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Bridgetown, St. Michael, BB11115, BarbadosEpidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, JamaicaEpidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, JamaicaEpidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, JamaicaTropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, JamaicaMinistry of Health and Wellness, Kingston 5, JamaicaCaribbean Regional Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States Embassy, Kingston 6, JamaicaEpidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, JamaicaChronic Disease and Injury Department, Surveillance, Disease Prevention & Control Division, Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port of Spain, Trinidad and TobagoEpidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, JamaicaEpidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, JamaicaEpidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, JamaicaMinistry of Health and Wellness, Kingston 5, JamaicaBackground Excess dietary salt consumption is a major contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Public education programs on the dangers of high salt intake, and population level interventions to reduce the salt content in foods are possible strategies to address this problem. In Jamaica, there are limited data on the levels of salt consumption and the population’s knowledge and practices with regards to salt consumption. This study therefore aims to obtain baseline data on salt consumption, salt content in foods sold in restaurants, and evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Jamaicans regarding salt consumption. Methods The study is divided into four components. Component 1 will be a secondary analysis of data on urinary sodium from spot urine samples collected as part of a national survey, the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2016-2017. Component 2 will be a survey of chain and non-chain restaurants in Jamaica, to estimate the sodium content of foods sold in restaurants. Component 3 is another national survey, this time on a sample 1,200 individuals to obtain data on knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding salt consumption and estimation of urinary sodium excretion. Component 4 is a validation study to assess the level of agreement between spot urine sodium estimates and 24-hour urinary sodium from 120 individuals from Component 3. Discussion This study will provide important baseline data on salt consumption in Jamaica and will fulfil the first components of the World Health Organization SHAKE Technical Package for Salt Reduction. The findings will serve as a guide to Jamaica’s Ministry of Health and Wellness in the development of a national salt reduction program. Findings will also inform interventions to promote individual and population level sodium reduction strategies as the country seeks to achieve the national target of a 30% reduction in salt consumption by 2025.https://f1000research.com/articles/11-721/v2Jamaica salt intake sodium content urinary sodium salt reduction strategies knowledge attitudes and practiceseng |
| spellingShingle | Sharmaine Edwards Simone Spence Evelyn Walker Simon Anderson Novie Younger-Coleman Joette McKenzie Ishtar Govia Suzanne Soares-Wynter Andriene Grant Kelly-Ann Gordon-Johnson James Ho Tamu Davidson Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid Nadia R. Bennett Trevor S. Ferguson Karen Webster-Kerr The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] F1000Research Jamaica salt intake sodium content urinary sodium salt reduction strategies knowledge attitudes and practices eng |
| title | The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full | The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_fullStr | The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_short | The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_sort | jamaica salt consumption study protocol sodium intake sodium content in restaurant foods knowledge attitudes and practices spot urine sodium validation version 2 peer review 1 approved 2 approved with reservations |
| topic | Jamaica salt intake sodium content urinary sodium salt reduction strategies knowledge attitudes and practices eng |
| url | https://f1000research.com/articles/11-721/v2 |
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