Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen that causes porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of specific pathogen-free Yucatan miniature pigs (YMPs) as an experimental model for PCV2d challenge and vacci...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/9/1469 |
| _version_ | 1827656077412401152 |
|---|---|
| author | Yun-Hee Noh Seung-Chai Kim Chang-Gi Jeong Seung-Chul Lee Dong-Uk Lee In-Joong Yoon Won-Il Kim |
| author_facet | Yun-Hee Noh Seung-Chai Kim Chang-Gi Jeong Seung-Chul Lee Dong-Uk Lee In-Joong Yoon Won-Il Kim |
| author_sort | Yun-Hee Noh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen that causes porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of specific pathogen-free Yucatan miniature pigs (YMPs) as an experimental model for PCV2d challenge and vaccine assessment because PCV2-negative pigs are extremely rare in conventional swine herds in Korea. In the first experiment, every three pigs were subjected to PCV2d field isolate or mock challenge. During three weeks of experiments, the PCV2d infection group exhibited clinical outcomes of PCVAD with high viral loads, lymphoid depletion, and detection of PCV2d antigens in lymphoid organs by immunohistochemistry. In the second experiment, three groups of pigs were challenged with PCV2d after immunization for three weeks: a nonvaccinated group (three pigs), a PCV2b-Vac group vaccinated with a commercial PCV2b-based inactivated vaccine SuiShot<sup>®</sup> Circo-ONE (five pigs), and a PCV2d-Vac group vaccinated with an experimental PCV2d-based inactivated vaccine (five pigs). During the three weeks of the challenge period, nonvaccinated pigs showed similar clinical outcomes to those observed in the PCV2d infection group from the first experiment. In contrast, both the PCV2b and PCV2d vaccinations produced good levels of protection against PCV2d challenge, as evidenced by reduced viral loads, improved growth performance, high virus-neutralizing antibody titers, and less development of PCV2-associated pathological lesions. Taken together, these data suggest that YMPs could be an alternative model for PCV2 challenge experiments, and these animals displayed typical clinical and pathological features and characteristics of protective immunity induced by the vaccines that were consistent with those resulting from PCV2 infections in conventional pigs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:17:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd8019f6e8be4648bb546e8d74be0ca3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:17:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd8019f6e8be4648bb546e8d74be0ca32023-11-23T19:21:38ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-09-01109146910.3390/vaccines10091469Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig ModelYun-Hee Noh0Seung-Chai Kim1Chang-Gi Jeong2Seung-Chul Lee3Dong-Uk Lee4In-Joong Yoon5Won-Il Kim6Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, KoreaChoong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, KoreaChoong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, KoreaChoong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, KoreaPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen that causes porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of specific pathogen-free Yucatan miniature pigs (YMPs) as an experimental model for PCV2d challenge and vaccine assessment because PCV2-negative pigs are extremely rare in conventional swine herds in Korea. In the first experiment, every three pigs were subjected to PCV2d field isolate or mock challenge. During three weeks of experiments, the PCV2d infection group exhibited clinical outcomes of PCVAD with high viral loads, lymphoid depletion, and detection of PCV2d antigens in lymphoid organs by immunohistochemistry. In the second experiment, three groups of pigs were challenged with PCV2d after immunization for three weeks: a nonvaccinated group (three pigs), a PCV2b-Vac group vaccinated with a commercial PCV2b-based inactivated vaccine SuiShot<sup>®</sup> Circo-ONE (five pigs), and a PCV2d-Vac group vaccinated with an experimental PCV2d-based inactivated vaccine (five pigs). During the three weeks of the challenge period, nonvaccinated pigs showed similar clinical outcomes to those observed in the PCV2d infection group from the first experiment. In contrast, both the PCV2b and PCV2d vaccinations produced good levels of protection against PCV2d challenge, as evidenced by reduced viral loads, improved growth performance, high virus-neutralizing antibody titers, and less development of PCV2-associated pathological lesions. Taken together, these data suggest that YMPs could be an alternative model for PCV2 challenge experiments, and these animals displayed typical clinical and pathological features and characteristics of protective immunity induced by the vaccines that were consistent with those resulting from PCV2 infections in conventional pigs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/9/1469porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)Yucatan miniature pigcross-protectioninactivated vaccinePCV2bPCV2d |
| spellingShingle | Yun-Hee Noh Seung-Chai Kim Chang-Gi Jeong Seung-Chul Lee Dong-Uk Lee In-Joong Yoon Won-Il Kim Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model Vaccines porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Yucatan miniature pig cross-protection inactivated vaccine PCV2b PCV2d |
| title | Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model |
| title_full | Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model |
| title_fullStr | Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model |
| title_short | Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model |
| title_sort | pathological evaluation of porcine circovirus 2d pcv2d strain and comparative evaluation of pcv2d and pcv2b inactivated vaccines against pcv2d infection in a specific pathogen free spf yucatan miniature pig model |
| topic | porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Yucatan miniature pig cross-protection inactivated vaccine PCV2b PCV2d |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/9/1469 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yunheenoh pathologicalevaluationofporcinecircovirus2dpcv2dstrainandcomparativeevaluationofpcv2dandpcv2binactivatedvaccinesagainstpcv2dinfectioninaspecificpathogenfreespfyucatanminiaturepigmodel AT seungchaikim pathologicalevaluationofporcinecircovirus2dpcv2dstrainandcomparativeevaluationofpcv2dandpcv2binactivatedvaccinesagainstpcv2dinfectioninaspecificpathogenfreespfyucatanminiaturepigmodel AT changgijeong pathologicalevaluationofporcinecircovirus2dpcv2dstrainandcomparativeevaluationofpcv2dandpcv2binactivatedvaccinesagainstpcv2dinfectioninaspecificpathogenfreespfyucatanminiaturepigmodel AT seungchullee pathologicalevaluationofporcinecircovirus2dpcv2dstrainandcomparativeevaluationofpcv2dandpcv2binactivatedvaccinesagainstpcv2dinfectioninaspecificpathogenfreespfyucatanminiaturepigmodel AT donguklee pathologicalevaluationofporcinecircovirus2dpcv2dstrainandcomparativeevaluationofpcv2dandpcv2binactivatedvaccinesagainstpcv2dinfectioninaspecificpathogenfreespfyucatanminiaturepigmodel AT injoongyoon pathologicalevaluationofporcinecircovirus2dpcv2dstrainandcomparativeevaluationofpcv2dandpcv2binactivatedvaccinesagainstpcv2dinfectioninaspecificpathogenfreespfyucatanminiaturepigmodel AT wonilkim pathologicalevaluationofporcinecircovirus2dpcv2dstrainandcomparativeevaluationofpcv2dandpcv2binactivatedvaccinesagainstpcv2dinfectioninaspecificpathogenfreespfyucatanminiaturepigmodel |