Preparation of Ca- and Na-Modified Activated Clay as a Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification
For efficient biodiesel production, an acid-activated clay (AC) modified by calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide (CaNa/AC) was prepared as a catalyst. CaNa/AC and Na/AC were characterized by Hammett indicators, CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD, FT-IR, XRD, and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption te...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4667 |
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| author | Yue Wang Yaseen Muhammad Sishan Yu Tian Fu Kun Liu Zhangfa Tong Xueling Hu Hanbing Zhang |
| author_facet | Yue Wang Yaseen Muhammad Sishan Yu Tian Fu Kun Liu Zhangfa Tong Xueling Hu Hanbing Zhang |
| author_sort | Yue Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For efficient biodiesel production, an acid-activated clay (AC) modified by calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide (CaNa/AC) was prepared as a catalyst. CaNa/AC and Na/AC were characterized by Hammett indicators, CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD, FT-IR, XRD, and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption techniques. The influence of catalyst dose, reaction temperature, methanol/oil molar ratio, and reaction time on the transesterification of Jatropha oil was studied. Due to the introduction of calcium, CaNa/AC displayed a higher activity and stability, thereby achieving an oil conversion of 97% under the optimal reaction conditions and maintaining over 80% activity after five successive reuses. The reaction was accelerated as the temperature rose, and the apparent activation energy of CaNa/AC was 75.6 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. The enhanced biodiesel production by CaNa/AC was ascribed to the increase in active sites and higher basic strength. This study presents a facile and practical method for producing biodiesel on large-scale operation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:20:17Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:20:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-bd86eaa84a25486083f5083b1bf50df42023-11-23T07:52:14ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-05-01129466710.3390/app12094667Preparation of Ca- and Na-Modified Activated Clay as a Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via TransesterificationYue Wang0Yaseen Muhammad1Sishan Yu2Tian Fu3Kun Liu4Zhangfa Tong5Xueling Hu6Hanbing Zhang7School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaInstitute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, PakistanSchool of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaSchool of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaInstitute of Biomanufacturing Technology, Guangxi Institute of Industrial Technology (GIIT), Nanning 530200, ChinaSchool of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaFor efficient biodiesel production, an acid-activated clay (AC) modified by calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide (CaNa/AC) was prepared as a catalyst. CaNa/AC and Na/AC were characterized by Hammett indicators, CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD, FT-IR, XRD, and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption techniques. The influence of catalyst dose, reaction temperature, methanol/oil molar ratio, and reaction time on the transesterification of Jatropha oil was studied. Due to the introduction of calcium, CaNa/AC displayed a higher activity and stability, thereby achieving an oil conversion of 97% under the optimal reaction conditions and maintaining over 80% activity after five successive reuses. The reaction was accelerated as the temperature rose, and the apparent activation energy of CaNa/AC was 75.6 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. The enhanced biodiesel production by CaNa/AC was ascribed to the increase in active sites and higher basic strength. This study presents a facile and practical method for producing biodiesel on large-scale operation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4667biodieselJatropha oiltransesterificationmodified clayheterogeneous catalyst |
| spellingShingle | Yue Wang Yaseen Muhammad Sishan Yu Tian Fu Kun Liu Zhangfa Tong Xueling Hu Hanbing Zhang Preparation of Ca- and Na-Modified Activated Clay as a Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification Applied Sciences biodiesel Jatropha oil transesterification modified clay heterogeneous catalyst |
| title | Preparation of Ca- and Na-Modified Activated Clay as a Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification |
| title_full | Preparation of Ca- and Na-Modified Activated Clay as a Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification |
| title_fullStr | Preparation of Ca- and Na-Modified Activated Clay as a Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation of Ca- and Na-Modified Activated Clay as a Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification |
| title_short | Preparation of Ca- and Na-Modified Activated Clay as a Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification |
| title_sort | preparation of ca and na modified activated clay as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production via transesterification |
| topic | biodiesel Jatropha oil transesterification modified clay heterogeneous catalyst |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4667 |
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