CNT-based tapered optical fiber for ethanol remote sensing over 3-km optical fiber
Certain organic liquids like ethanol in water are considered hazardous and have an enormous environmental impact since it is toxic and classified as class I flammable liquids. Remote sensing with complex sensors is a common technique for detecting and tracking spillages of hazardous spillages. Most...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421003306 |
| _version_ | 1819139812570955776 |
|---|---|
| author | Ahmed Lateef Khalaf Taif Sami Hasan Hayder A. Abdulbari Wafaa A. Kadhim Mohd Hanif Yaacob |
| author_facet | Ahmed Lateef Khalaf Taif Sami Hasan Hayder A. Abdulbari Wafaa A. Kadhim Mohd Hanif Yaacob |
| author_sort | Ahmed Lateef Khalaf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Certain organic liquids like ethanol in water are considered hazardous and have an enormous environmental impact since it is toxic and classified as class I flammable liquids. Remote sensing with complex sensors is a common technique for detecting and tracking spillages of hazardous spillages. Most of the applied remote sensing methods suffer from location and control issues that force the user to be at the exact sensing spot during operation. The present work introduces a simple and highly sensitive tapered multimode optical fiber (TMOF) sensor coated with carbon nanotubes (CNT) for flammable liquids remote sensing applications. The new proposed sensor ability to transfer signals to a remote data collection center of about 3 km from the sensor location was investigated. Ethanol was utilized as the index solution to be tested in the present work. The proposed sensor was attached to 3 km multimode silica optical fiber and characterized towards different concentrations of ethanol in de-ionized water at room temperature. Various characterization techniques have investigated the detailed structural properties of the sensing layer. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed remote sensor exhibits rapid response with recovery times of 8.7 s and 18 s, respectively, and relative absorbance of 26% upon exposure to 100% ethanol. The sensor attains an overall sensitivity of 1.3/vol% towards low ethanol concentrations in water (0.01–0.5%). Besides, the optical sensor manifests outstanding repeatability when exposed to another cycle of ethanol with concentrations of 20% and 40% in de-ionized water. The proposed optical remote sensor's superior performance via low cost and simple techniques indicates its high efficiency for ethanol detection in various industrial applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:28:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd87917fc4a7446681a3c7d4d3fc5770 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:28:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd87917fc4a7446681a3c7d4d3fc57702022-12-21T18:27:41ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542021-05-011217381746CNT-based tapered optical fiber for ethanol remote sensing over 3-km optical fiberAhmed Lateef Khalaf0Taif Sami Hasan1Hayder A. Abdulbari2Wafaa A. Kadhim3Mohd Hanif Yaacob4Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Al-Ma'moon University College, 10013, Baghdad, Iraq; Wireless and Photonics Network Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Department of Computer Science, Al-Ma'moon University College, 10013, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, MalaysiaNanotechnology & Advanced Research Center, University of Technology, 10066, Baghdad, IraqWireless and Photonics Network Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCertain organic liquids like ethanol in water are considered hazardous and have an enormous environmental impact since it is toxic and classified as class I flammable liquids. Remote sensing with complex sensors is a common technique for detecting and tracking spillages of hazardous spillages. Most of the applied remote sensing methods suffer from location and control issues that force the user to be at the exact sensing spot during operation. The present work introduces a simple and highly sensitive tapered multimode optical fiber (TMOF) sensor coated with carbon nanotubes (CNT) for flammable liquids remote sensing applications. The new proposed sensor ability to transfer signals to a remote data collection center of about 3 km from the sensor location was investigated. Ethanol was utilized as the index solution to be tested in the present work. The proposed sensor was attached to 3 km multimode silica optical fiber and characterized towards different concentrations of ethanol in de-ionized water at room temperature. Various characterization techniques have investigated the detailed structural properties of the sensing layer. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed remote sensor exhibits rapid response with recovery times of 8.7 s and 18 s, respectively, and relative absorbance of 26% upon exposure to 100% ethanol. The sensor attains an overall sensitivity of 1.3/vol% towards low ethanol concentrations in water (0.01–0.5%). Besides, the optical sensor manifests outstanding repeatability when exposed to another cycle of ethanol with concentrations of 20% and 40% in de-ionized water. The proposed optical remote sensor's superior performance via low cost and simple techniques indicates its high efficiency for ethanol detection in various industrial applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421003306Tapered optical fiberRemote sensingCNTEvanescent sensorEthanol |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Lateef Khalaf Taif Sami Hasan Hayder A. Abdulbari Wafaa A. Kadhim Mohd Hanif Yaacob CNT-based tapered optical fiber for ethanol remote sensing over 3-km optical fiber Journal of Materials Research and Technology Tapered optical fiber Remote sensing CNT Evanescent sensor Ethanol |
| title | CNT-based tapered optical fiber for ethanol remote sensing over 3-km optical fiber |
| title_full | CNT-based tapered optical fiber for ethanol remote sensing over 3-km optical fiber |
| title_fullStr | CNT-based tapered optical fiber for ethanol remote sensing over 3-km optical fiber |
| title_full_unstemmed | CNT-based tapered optical fiber for ethanol remote sensing over 3-km optical fiber |
| title_short | CNT-based tapered optical fiber for ethanol remote sensing over 3-km optical fiber |
| title_sort | cnt based tapered optical fiber for ethanol remote sensing over 3 km optical fiber |
| topic | Tapered optical fiber Remote sensing CNT Evanescent sensor Ethanol |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421003306 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmedlateefkhalaf cntbasedtaperedopticalfiberforethanolremotesensingover3kmopticalfiber AT taifsamihasan cntbasedtaperedopticalfiberforethanolremotesensingover3kmopticalfiber AT hayderaabdulbari cntbasedtaperedopticalfiberforethanolremotesensingover3kmopticalfiber AT wafaaakadhim cntbasedtaperedopticalfiberforethanolremotesensingover3kmopticalfiber AT mohdhanifyaacob cntbasedtaperedopticalfiberforethanolremotesensingover3kmopticalfiber |