The Neuro-Protective Effects of the TSPO Ligands CB86 and CB204 on 6-OHDA-Induced PC12 Cell Death as an In Vitro Model for Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Oxidative stress or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was suggested to play a role in this specific type of neurodegeneration. Ther...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1183 |
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| author | Sheelu Monga Nunzio Denora Valentino Laquintana Rami Yashaev Abraham Weizman Moshe Gavish |
| author_facet | Sheelu Monga Nunzio Denora Valentino Laquintana Rami Yashaev Abraham Weizman Moshe Gavish |
| author_sort | Sheelu Monga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Oxidative stress or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was suggested to play a role in this specific type of neurodegeneration. Therapeutic options which can target and counteract ROS generation may be of benefit. TSPO ligands are known to counteract with neuro-inflammation, ROS generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. In the current study, we investigated an in vitro cellular PD model by the assessment of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 80 µM)-induced PC12 neurotoxicity. Simultaneously to the exposure of the cells to 6-OHDA, we added the TSPO ligands CB86 and CB204 (25 µM each) and assessed the impact on several markers of cell death. The two ligands normalized significantly (57% and 52% respectively, from 44%; whereas the control was 68%) cell proliferation at different time points from 0–24 h. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of these two TSPO ligands on necrosis using propidium iodide (PI) staining and found that the ligands inhibited significantly the 6-OHDA-induced necrosis. As compared to control, the red count was increased up to 57-fold whereas CB86 and CB204 inhibited to 2.7-fold and 3.2-fold respectively. Necrosis was also analyzed by LDH assay which showed significant effect. Both assays demonstrated similar potent anti-necrotic effect of the two TSPO ligands. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by 6-OHDA was also inhibited by the two TSPO ligand up to 1.3 and 1.5-fold respectively, as compared to 6-OHDA group. CB86 and CB204 inhibited also normalized the cell viability up to 1.8-fold after the exposure to 6-OHDA, as assessed by XTT assay. The two TSPO ligands also inhibited apoptosis significantly (1.3-fold for both) as assessed by apopxin green staining. In summary, it appears that the two TSPO ligands CB86 and CB204 can suppress cell death of PC12 induced by 6-OHDA. The results may be relevant to the use of these two TSPO ligands as therapeutic option neurodegenerative diseases like PD. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:42:31Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-bd900747fabb46318c988454486df7452023-11-22T22:28:34ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-11-011011118310.3390/biology10111183The Neuro-Protective Effects of the TSPO Ligands CB86 and CB204 on 6-OHDA-Induced PC12 Cell Death as an In Vitro Model for Parkinson’s DiseaseSheelu Monga0Nunzio Denora1Valentino Laquintana2Rami Yashaev3Abraham Weizman4Moshe Gavish5Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, IsraelDepartment of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Orabona, St. 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyRuth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, IsraelFelsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, IsraelRuth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, IsraelParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Oxidative stress or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was suggested to play a role in this specific type of neurodegeneration. Therapeutic options which can target and counteract ROS generation may be of benefit. TSPO ligands are known to counteract with neuro-inflammation, ROS generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. In the current study, we investigated an in vitro cellular PD model by the assessment of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 80 µM)-induced PC12 neurotoxicity. Simultaneously to the exposure of the cells to 6-OHDA, we added the TSPO ligands CB86 and CB204 (25 µM each) and assessed the impact on several markers of cell death. The two ligands normalized significantly (57% and 52% respectively, from 44%; whereas the control was 68%) cell proliferation at different time points from 0–24 h. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of these two TSPO ligands on necrosis using propidium iodide (PI) staining and found that the ligands inhibited significantly the 6-OHDA-induced necrosis. As compared to control, the red count was increased up to 57-fold whereas CB86 and CB204 inhibited to 2.7-fold and 3.2-fold respectively. Necrosis was also analyzed by LDH assay which showed significant effect. Both assays demonstrated similar potent anti-necrotic effect of the two TSPO ligands. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by 6-OHDA was also inhibited by the two TSPO ligand up to 1.3 and 1.5-fold respectively, as compared to 6-OHDA group. CB86 and CB204 inhibited also normalized the cell viability up to 1.8-fold after the exposure to 6-OHDA, as assessed by XTT assay. The two TSPO ligands also inhibited apoptosis significantly (1.3-fold for both) as assessed by apopxin green staining. In summary, it appears that the two TSPO ligands CB86 and CB204 can suppress cell death of PC12 induced by 6-OHDA. The results may be relevant to the use of these two TSPO ligands as therapeutic option neurodegenerative diseases like PD.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1183Parkinson’s diseaseTSPOCB86 and CB204substantia nigracell deathdopaminergic neurons |
| spellingShingle | Sheelu Monga Nunzio Denora Valentino Laquintana Rami Yashaev Abraham Weizman Moshe Gavish The Neuro-Protective Effects of the TSPO Ligands CB86 and CB204 on 6-OHDA-Induced PC12 Cell Death as an In Vitro Model for Parkinson’s Disease Biology Parkinson’s disease TSPO CB86 and CB204 substantia nigra cell death dopaminergic neurons |
| title | The Neuro-Protective Effects of the TSPO Ligands CB86 and CB204 on 6-OHDA-Induced PC12 Cell Death as an In Vitro Model for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | The Neuro-Protective Effects of the TSPO Ligands CB86 and CB204 on 6-OHDA-Induced PC12 Cell Death as an In Vitro Model for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | The Neuro-Protective Effects of the TSPO Ligands CB86 and CB204 on 6-OHDA-Induced PC12 Cell Death as an In Vitro Model for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Neuro-Protective Effects of the TSPO Ligands CB86 and CB204 on 6-OHDA-Induced PC12 Cell Death as an In Vitro Model for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | The Neuro-Protective Effects of the TSPO Ligands CB86 and CB204 on 6-OHDA-Induced PC12 Cell Death as an In Vitro Model for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | neuro protective effects of the tspo ligands cb86 and cb204 on 6 ohda induced pc12 cell death as an in vitro model for parkinson s disease |
| topic | Parkinson’s disease TSPO CB86 and CB204 substantia nigra cell death dopaminergic neurons |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1183 |
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