A Review of Bubble Aeration in Biofilter to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen of Recirculating Aquaculture System
Aeration becomes an essential aspect of biofilter performance to reduce ammonia nitrogen in the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS). Efficient aeration introduces air into water media and offers an aerobic environment in the biofilter for microbial degradation of organic matter and ammonia nitrog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/808 |
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| author | Putu Ayustin Suriasni Ferry Faizal Camellia Panatarani Wawan Hermawan I Made Joni |
| author_facet | Putu Ayustin Suriasni Ferry Faizal Camellia Panatarani Wawan Hermawan I Made Joni |
| author_sort | Putu Ayustin Suriasni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aeration becomes an essential aspect of biofilter performance to reduce ammonia nitrogen in the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS). Efficient aeration introduces air into water media and offers an aerobic environment in the biofilter for microbial degradation of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. The efficiency of the bubble aeration depends on the size of the bubbles; these include coarse bubble, microbubble, fine bubble, and ultrafine bubble or nanobubble. This review highlights an overview of bubble aeration features in a biofilter to reduce ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, key aspects responsible for the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies, such as oxygen transfer, microbial community, and biofilm thickness, are evaluated in this review. In conclusion, the bubble size of aeration affects the microbial community of nitrifying bacteria, consequently determining the growth and thickness of biofilm to improve ammonia removal efficiency. It is emphasized that fine bubble and nanobubble aeration have very positive prospects on improving biofilter performance, though they are currently not widely used in RAS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:00:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd9ec05bbfaf40d4a89e38db46ba1047 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:00:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd9ec05bbfaf40d4a89e38db46ba10472023-11-16T23:53:47ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-02-0115480810.3390/w15040808A Review of Bubble Aeration in Biofilter to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen of Recirculating Aquaculture SystemPutu Ayustin Suriasni0Ferry Faizal1Camellia Panatarani2Wawan Hermawan3I Made Joni4Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, West Java 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, West Java 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, West Java 45363, IndonesiaFunctional Nano Powder (FiNder) University Center of Excellence, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, West Java 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, West Java 45363, IndonesiaAeration becomes an essential aspect of biofilter performance to reduce ammonia nitrogen in the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS). Efficient aeration introduces air into water media and offers an aerobic environment in the biofilter for microbial degradation of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. The efficiency of the bubble aeration depends on the size of the bubbles; these include coarse bubble, microbubble, fine bubble, and ultrafine bubble or nanobubble. This review highlights an overview of bubble aeration features in a biofilter to reduce ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, key aspects responsible for the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies, such as oxygen transfer, microbial community, and biofilm thickness, are evaluated in this review. In conclusion, the bubble size of aeration affects the microbial community of nitrifying bacteria, consequently determining the growth and thickness of biofilm to improve ammonia removal efficiency. It is emphasized that fine bubble and nanobubble aeration have very positive prospects on improving biofilter performance, though they are currently not widely used in RAS.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/808aerationbiofilterRASbubble |
| spellingShingle | Putu Ayustin Suriasni Ferry Faizal Camellia Panatarani Wawan Hermawan I Made Joni A Review of Bubble Aeration in Biofilter to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen of Recirculating Aquaculture System Water aeration biofilter RAS bubble |
| title | A Review of Bubble Aeration in Biofilter to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen of Recirculating Aquaculture System |
| title_full | A Review of Bubble Aeration in Biofilter to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen of Recirculating Aquaculture System |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Bubble Aeration in Biofilter to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen of Recirculating Aquaculture System |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Bubble Aeration in Biofilter to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen of Recirculating Aquaculture System |
| title_short | A Review of Bubble Aeration in Biofilter to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen of Recirculating Aquaculture System |
| title_sort | review of bubble aeration in biofilter to reduce total ammonia nitrogen of recirculating aquaculture system |
| topic | aeration biofilter RAS bubble |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/808 |
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