Mosquitocidal Activity of the Methanolic Extract of <em>Annickia</em><em> chlorantha</em> and Its Isolated Compounds against <em>Culex pipiens</em>, and Their Impact on the Non-Target Organism Zebrafish, <em>Danio rerio</em>
In this study, the crude extract and its isolated compounds from the stem bark of <i>Annickia</i><i> chlorantha</i> were tested for their larvicidal, developmental, and repellent activity against the mosquito vector, <i>Culex pipiens</i>, besides their toxicity to...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/8/676 |
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| author | Tharwat A. Selim Ibrahim E. Abd-El Rahman Hesham A. Mahran Hamza A. M. Adam Vincent Imieje Ahmed A. Zaki Mansour A. E. Bashar Hossam Hwihy Abdelaaty Hamed Ahmed A. Elhenawy Eman S. Abou-Amra Samia E. El-Didamony Ahmed I. Hasaballah |
| author_facet | Tharwat A. Selim Ibrahim E. Abd-El Rahman Hesham A. Mahran Hamza A. M. Adam Vincent Imieje Ahmed A. Zaki Mansour A. E. Bashar Hossam Hwihy Abdelaaty Hamed Ahmed A. Elhenawy Eman S. Abou-Amra Samia E. El-Didamony Ahmed I. Hasaballah |
| author_sort | Tharwat A. Selim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the crude extract and its isolated compounds from the stem bark of <i>Annickia</i><i> chlorantha</i> were tested for their larvicidal, developmental, and repellent activity against the mosquito vector, <i>Culex pipiens</i>, besides their toxicity to the non-target aquatic organism, the zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). The acute larvicidal activity of isolated compounds; namely, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, <i>β</i>-sitosterol, and <i>Annickia </i><i>chlorantha</i> methanolic extract (AC), was observed. Developmentally, the larval duration was significantly prolonged when palmatine and <i>β</i>-sitosterol were applied, whereas the pupal duration was significantly prolonged for almost all treatments except palmatine and jatrorrhizine, where it shortened from those in the control. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme showed different activity patterns, where it significantly increased in columbamine and <i>β</i>-sitosterol, and decreased in (AC), palmatine, and jatrorrhizine treatments, whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme was significantly increased when AC methanolic extract/isolated compounds were applied, compared to the control. The adult emergence percentages were significantly decreased in all treatments, whereas tested compounds revealed non-significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05) changes in the sex ratio percentages, with a slight female-to-male preference presented in the AC-treated group. Additionally, the tested materials revealed repellence action; interestingly, palmatine and jatrorrhizine recorded higher levels of protection, followed by AC, columbamine, and <i>β</i>-sitosterol for 7 consecutive hours compared to the negative and positive control groups. The non-target assay confirms that the tested materials have very low toxic activity compared to the reported toxicity against mosquito larvae. A docking simulation was employed to better understand the interaction of the isolated compounds with the enzymes, AChE and GST. Additionally, DFT calculations revealed that the reported larvicidal activity may be due to the differing electron distributions among tested compounds. Overall, this study highlights the potential of <i>A.</i> <i>chlorantha</i> extract and its isolated compounds as effective mosquitocidal agents with a very low toxic effect on non-target organisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:18:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bdb1427cbff042b59057131cabf066bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:18:17Z |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-bdb1427cbff042b59057131cabf066bb2023-12-03T13:51:14ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-07-0113867610.3390/insects13080676Mosquitocidal Activity of the Methanolic Extract of <em>Annickia</em><em> chlorantha</em> and Its Isolated Compounds against <em>Culex pipiens</em>, and Their Impact on the Non-Target Organism Zebrafish, <em>Danio rerio</em>Tharwat A. Selim0Ibrahim E. Abd-El Rahman1Hesham A. Mahran2Hamza A. M. Adam3Vincent Imieje4Ahmed A. Zaki5Mansour A. E. Bashar6Hossam Hwihy7Abdelaaty Hamed8Ahmed A. Elhenawy9Eman S. Abou-Amra10Samia E. El-Didamony11Ahmed I. Hasaballah12Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, EgyptDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 32897, EgyptHealth Informatics Department, College of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaEpidemiology Department, College of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, NigeriaPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptZoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, EgyptZoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, EgyptChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, EgyptChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, EgyptOrganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Nasr City, Cairo 11751, EgyptZoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, EgyptZoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, EgyptIn this study, the crude extract and its isolated compounds from the stem bark of <i>Annickia</i><i> chlorantha</i> were tested for their larvicidal, developmental, and repellent activity against the mosquito vector, <i>Culex pipiens</i>, besides their toxicity to the non-target aquatic organism, the zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). The acute larvicidal activity of isolated compounds; namely, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, <i>β</i>-sitosterol, and <i>Annickia </i><i>chlorantha</i> methanolic extract (AC), was observed. Developmentally, the larval duration was significantly prolonged when palmatine and <i>β</i>-sitosterol were applied, whereas the pupal duration was significantly prolonged for almost all treatments except palmatine and jatrorrhizine, where it shortened from those in the control. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme showed different activity patterns, where it significantly increased in columbamine and <i>β</i>-sitosterol, and decreased in (AC), palmatine, and jatrorrhizine treatments, whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme was significantly increased when AC methanolic extract/isolated compounds were applied, compared to the control. The adult emergence percentages were significantly decreased in all treatments, whereas tested compounds revealed non-significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05) changes in the sex ratio percentages, with a slight female-to-male preference presented in the AC-treated group. Additionally, the tested materials revealed repellence action; interestingly, palmatine and jatrorrhizine recorded higher levels of protection, followed by AC, columbamine, and <i>β</i>-sitosterol for 7 consecutive hours compared to the negative and positive control groups. The non-target assay confirms that the tested materials have very low toxic activity compared to the reported toxicity against mosquito larvae. A docking simulation was employed to better understand the interaction of the isolated compounds with the enzymes, AChE and GST. Additionally, DFT calculations revealed that the reported larvicidal activity may be due to the differing electron distributions among tested compounds. Overall, this study highlights the potential of <i>A.</i> <i>chlorantha</i> extract and its isolated compounds as effective mosquitocidal agents with a very low toxic effect on non-target organisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/8/676<i>A. chlorantha</i><i>C. pipiens</i>non-targetbioactive compoundsDFTdocking |
| spellingShingle | Tharwat A. Selim Ibrahim E. Abd-El Rahman Hesham A. Mahran Hamza A. M. Adam Vincent Imieje Ahmed A. Zaki Mansour A. E. Bashar Hossam Hwihy Abdelaaty Hamed Ahmed A. Elhenawy Eman S. Abou-Amra Samia E. El-Didamony Ahmed I. Hasaballah Mosquitocidal Activity of the Methanolic Extract of <em>Annickia</em><em> chlorantha</em> and Its Isolated Compounds against <em>Culex pipiens</em>, and Their Impact on the Non-Target Organism Zebrafish, <em>Danio rerio</em> Insects <i>A. chlorantha</i> <i>C. pipiens</i> non-target bioactive compounds DFT docking |
| title | Mosquitocidal Activity of the Methanolic Extract of <em>Annickia</em><em> chlorantha</em> and Its Isolated Compounds against <em>Culex pipiens</em>, and Their Impact on the Non-Target Organism Zebrafish, <em>Danio rerio</em> |
| title_full | Mosquitocidal Activity of the Methanolic Extract of <em>Annickia</em><em> chlorantha</em> and Its Isolated Compounds against <em>Culex pipiens</em>, and Their Impact on the Non-Target Organism Zebrafish, <em>Danio rerio</em> |
| title_fullStr | Mosquitocidal Activity of the Methanolic Extract of <em>Annickia</em><em> chlorantha</em> and Its Isolated Compounds against <em>Culex pipiens</em>, and Their Impact on the Non-Target Organism Zebrafish, <em>Danio rerio</em> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mosquitocidal Activity of the Methanolic Extract of <em>Annickia</em><em> chlorantha</em> and Its Isolated Compounds against <em>Culex pipiens</em>, and Their Impact on the Non-Target Organism Zebrafish, <em>Danio rerio</em> |
| title_short | Mosquitocidal Activity of the Methanolic Extract of <em>Annickia</em><em> chlorantha</em> and Its Isolated Compounds against <em>Culex pipiens</em>, and Their Impact on the Non-Target Organism Zebrafish, <em>Danio rerio</em> |
| title_sort | mosquitocidal activity of the methanolic extract of em annickia em em chlorantha em and its isolated compounds against em culex pipiens em and their impact on the non target organism zebrafish em danio rerio em |
| topic | <i>A. chlorantha</i> <i>C. pipiens</i> non-target bioactive compounds DFT docking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/8/676 |
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