Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle
Polar marine environments host a complex assemblage of cold-adapted auto- and heterotrophic microorganisms that affect water biogeochemistry and ecosystem functions. However, due to logistical difficulties, remote regions like those in close proximity to glaciers have received little attention, resu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/556 |
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| author | Maria Papale Gabriella Caruso Giovanna Maimone Rosabruna La Ferla Angelina Lo Giudice Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo Alessandro Cosenza Filippo Azzaro Roberta Ferretti Rodolfo Paranhos Anderson Souza Cabral Massimo Caccia Angelo Odetti Giuseppe Zappalà Gabriele Bruzzone Maurizio Azzaro |
| author_facet | Maria Papale Gabriella Caruso Giovanna Maimone Rosabruna La Ferla Angelina Lo Giudice Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo Alessandro Cosenza Filippo Azzaro Roberta Ferretti Rodolfo Paranhos Anderson Souza Cabral Massimo Caccia Angelo Odetti Giuseppe Zappalà Gabriele Bruzzone Maurizio Azzaro |
| author_sort | Maria Papale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polar marine environments host a complex assemblage of cold-adapted auto- and heterotrophic microorganisms that affect water biogeochemistry and ecosystem functions. However, due to logistical difficulties, remote regions like those in close proximity to glaciers have received little attention, resulting in a paucity of microbiological data. To fill these gaps and obtain novel insights into microbial structure and function in Arctic regions, a survey of microbial communities in an area close to the Blomstrandbreen glacier in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard Archipelago; Arctic Ocean) was carried out during an early summer period. An Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle designed to safely obtain seawater samples from offshore-glacier transects (PROTEUS, Portable RObotic Technology for Unmanned Surveys) was equipped with an automatic remotely-controlled water multi-sampler so that it could sample just beneath the glacier, where access from the sea is difficult and dangerous. The samples were analysed by image analysis for the abundance of total prokaryotes, viable and respiring cells, their morphological traits and biomass; by flow cytometry for autotrophic and prokaryotic cells (with high and low nucleic acid contents) as well as virus-like particle counts; by BIOLOG ECOPLATES for potential community metabolism; and by fluorimetry for potential enzymatic activity rates on organic polymers. Contextually, the main physical and chemical (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients) parameters were detected. Altogether, besides the PROTEUS vehicle’s suitability for collecting samples from otherwise inaccessible sites, the multivariate analysis of the overall dataset allowed the identification of three main sub-regions differently affected by the haline gradient (close to the glacier) or terrigenous inputs coming from the coast. A complex microbiological scenario was depicted by different patterns of microbial abundance and metabolism among the transects, suggesting that ice melting and Atlantic water inflow differently supported microbial growth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:20:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bdb5ef9453f54d01af7b645924eca274 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:20:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-bdb5ef9453f54d01af7b645924eca2742023-11-16T18:24:21ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-01-0115355610.3390/w15030556Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous VehicleMaria Papale0Gabriella Caruso1Giovanna Maimone2Rosabruna La Ferla3Angelina Lo Giudice4Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo5Alessandro Cosenza6Filippo Azzaro7Roberta Ferretti8Rodolfo Paranhos9Anderson Souza Cabral10Massimo Caccia11Angelo Odetti12Giuseppe Zappalà13Gabriele Bruzzone14Maurizio Azzaro15Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyInstitute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyInstitute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyInstitute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyInstitute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyInstitute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyInstitute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyInstitute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyInstitute of Marine Engineering, National Research Council (CNR-INM), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyLaboratorio de Hidrobiologia, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, BrazilLaboratorio de Hidrobiologia, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, BrazilInstitute of Marine Engineering, National Research Council (CNR-INM), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyInstitute of Marine Engineering, National Research Council (CNR-INM), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyInstitute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), 98122 Messina, ItalyInstitute of Marine Engineering, National Research Council (CNR-INM), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyInstitute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, ItalyPolar marine environments host a complex assemblage of cold-adapted auto- and heterotrophic microorganisms that affect water biogeochemistry and ecosystem functions. However, due to logistical difficulties, remote regions like those in close proximity to glaciers have received little attention, resulting in a paucity of microbiological data. To fill these gaps and obtain novel insights into microbial structure and function in Arctic regions, a survey of microbial communities in an area close to the Blomstrandbreen glacier in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard Archipelago; Arctic Ocean) was carried out during an early summer period. An Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle designed to safely obtain seawater samples from offshore-glacier transects (PROTEUS, Portable RObotic Technology for Unmanned Surveys) was equipped with an automatic remotely-controlled water multi-sampler so that it could sample just beneath the glacier, where access from the sea is difficult and dangerous. The samples were analysed by image analysis for the abundance of total prokaryotes, viable and respiring cells, their morphological traits and biomass; by flow cytometry for autotrophic and prokaryotic cells (with high and low nucleic acid contents) as well as virus-like particle counts; by BIOLOG ECOPLATES for potential community metabolism; and by fluorimetry for potential enzymatic activity rates on organic polymers. Contextually, the main physical and chemical (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients) parameters were detected. Altogether, besides the PROTEUS vehicle’s suitability for collecting samples from otherwise inaccessible sites, the multivariate analysis of the overall dataset allowed the identification of three main sub-regions differently affected by the haline gradient (close to the glacier) or terrigenous inputs coming from the coast. A complex microbiological scenario was depicted by different patterns of microbial abundance and metabolism among the transects, suggesting that ice melting and Atlantic water inflow differently supported microbial growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/556microbial abundancemicrobial activityunmanned autonomous vehicleglacierSvalbard |
| spellingShingle | Maria Papale Gabriella Caruso Giovanna Maimone Rosabruna La Ferla Angelina Lo Giudice Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo Alessandro Cosenza Filippo Azzaro Roberta Ferretti Rodolfo Paranhos Anderson Souza Cabral Massimo Caccia Angelo Odetti Giuseppe Zappalà Gabriele Bruzzone Maurizio Azzaro Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle Water microbial abundance microbial activity unmanned autonomous vehicle glacier Svalbard |
| title | Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
| title_full | Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
| title_short | Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
| title_sort | microbial community abundance and metabolism close to the ice water interface of the blomstrandbreen glacier kongsfjorden svalbard a sampling survey using an unmanned autonomous vehicle |
| topic | microbial abundance microbial activity unmanned autonomous vehicle glacier Svalbard |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/556 |
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