The prevalence of headache in the adult population of Morocco: a cross-sectional population-based study
Abstract Background The series of population-based studies conducted by the Global Campaign against Headache has, so far, included Pakistan and Saudi Arabia from the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The Maghreb countries of North Africa, also part of this Region, are geographically apart and culturally...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-04-01
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| Series: | The Journal of Headache and Pain |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01761-y |
| _version_ | 1797219688100397056 |
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| author | Najib Kissani Latifa Adarmouch Aboubacar Sidik Sidibe Abderrahmane Garmane Rachid Founoun Mohamed Chraa Hallie Thomas Andreas Husøy Timothy J Steiner |
| author_facet | Najib Kissani Latifa Adarmouch Aboubacar Sidik Sidibe Abderrahmane Garmane Rachid Founoun Mohamed Chraa Hallie Thomas Andreas Husøy Timothy J Steiner |
| author_sort | Najib Kissani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The series of population-based studies conducted by the Global Campaign against Headache has, so far, included Pakistan and Saudi Arabia from the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The Maghreb countries of North Africa, also part of this Region, are geographically apart and culturally very different from these countries. Here we report a study in Morocco. Methods We applied the standardised methodology of Global Campaign studies, with cluster-randomized sampling in regions of Morocco selected to be representative of its diversities. In three of these regions, in accordance with this methodology, we made unannounced visits to randomly selected households and, from each, interviewed one randomly selected adult member (aged 18–65 years) using the HARDSHIP structured questionnaire translated into Moroccan Arabic and French. In a fourth region (Fès), because permission for such sampling was not given by the administrative authority, people were randomly stopped in streets and markets and, when willing, interviewed using the same questionnaire. This was a major protocol violation. Results We included 3,474 participants, 1,074 (41.7%) from Agadir, 1,079 (41.9%) from Marrakech, 422 (16.4%) from Tétouan and 899 from Fès. In a second protocol violation, interviewers failed to record the non-participating proportion. In the main analysis, excluding Fès, observed 1-year prevalence of any headache was 80.1% among females, 68.2% among males. Observed 1-day prevalence (headache yesterday) was 17.8%. After adjustment for age and gender, migraine prevalence was 30.8% (higher among females [aOR = 1.6]) and TTH prevalence 32.1% (lower among females [aOR = 0.8]). Headache on ≥ 15 days/month (H15+) was very common (10.5%), and in more than half of cases (5.9%) associated with acute medication overuse (on ≥ 15 days/month) and accordingly diagnosed as probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH). Both pMOH (aOR = 2.6) and other H15+ (aOR = 1.9) were more common among females. In the Fès sample, adjusted prevalences were similar, numerically but not significantly higher except for other H15+. Conclusions While the 1-year prevalence of headache among adults in Morocco is similar to that of many other countries, migraine on the evidence here is at the upper end of the global range, but not outside it. H15 + and pMOH are very prevalent, contributing to the high one-day prevalence of headache. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:37:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bdbee76842aa4036af9f76141825cd68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1129-2377 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:37:37Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Journal of Headache and Pain |
| spelling | doaj.art-bdbee76842aa4036af9f76141825cd682024-04-07T11:25:30ZengBMCThe Journal of Headache and Pain1129-23772024-04-012511910.1186/s10194-024-01761-yThe prevalence of headache in the adult population of Morocco: a cross-sectional population-based studyNajib Kissani0Latifa Adarmouch1Aboubacar Sidik Sidibe2Abderrahmane Garmane3Rachid Founoun4Mohamed Chraa5Hallie Thomas6Andreas Husøy7Timothy J Steiner8Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad UniversityCommunity Medicine and Public Health Department, Bioscience and Health Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad UniversityLaboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakech Medical SchoolMarrakech Medical SchoolLaboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad UniversityDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Background The series of population-based studies conducted by the Global Campaign against Headache has, so far, included Pakistan and Saudi Arabia from the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The Maghreb countries of North Africa, also part of this Region, are geographically apart and culturally very different from these countries. Here we report a study in Morocco. Methods We applied the standardised methodology of Global Campaign studies, with cluster-randomized sampling in regions of Morocco selected to be representative of its diversities. In three of these regions, in accordance with this methodology, we made unannounced visits to randomly selected households and, from each, interviewed one randomly selected adult member (aged 18–65 years) using the HARDSHIP structured questionnaire translated into Moroccan Arabic and French. In a fourth region (Fès), because permission for such sampling was not given by the administrative authority, people were randomly stopped in streets and markets and, when willing, interviewed using the same questionnaire. This was a major protocol violation. Results We included 3,474 participants, 1,074 (41.7%) from Agadir, 1,079 (41.9%) from Marrakech, 422 (16.4%) from Tétouan and 899 from Fès. In a second protocol violation, interviewers failed to record the non-participating proportion. In the main analysis, excluding Fès, observed 1-year prevalence of any headache was 80.1% among females, 68.2% among males. Observed 1-day prevalence (headache yesterday) was 17.8%. After adjustment for age and gender, migraine prevalence was 30.8% (higher among females [aOR = 1.6]) and TTH prevalence 32.1% (lower among females [aOR = 0.8]). Headache on ≥ 15 days/month (H15+) was very common (10.5%), and in more than half of cases (5.9%) associated with acute medication overuse (on ≥ 15 days/month) and accordingly diagnosed as probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH). Both pMOH (aOR = 2.6) and other H15+ (aOR = 1.9) were more common among females. In the Fès sample, adjusted prevalences were similar, numerically but not significantly higher except for other H15+. Conclusions While the 1-year prevalence of headache among adults in Morocco is similar to that of many other countries, migraine on the evidence here is at the upper end of the global range, but not outside it. H15 + and pMOH are very prevalent, contributing to the high one-day prevalence of headache.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01761-yEpidemiologyPopulation-based studyPrevalenceHeadacheMigraineTension-type headache |
| spellingShingle | Najib Kissani Latifa Adarmouch Aboubacar Sidik Sidibe Abderrahmane Garmane Rachid Founoun Mohamed Chraa Hallie Thomas Andreas Husøy Timothy J Steiner The prevalence of headache in the adult population of Morocco: a cross-sectional population-based study The Journal of Headache and Pain Epidemiology Population-based study Prevalence Headache Migraine Tension-type headache |
| title | The prevalence of headache in the adult population of Morocco: a cross-sectional population-based study |
| title_full | The prevalence of headache in the adult population of Morocco: a cross-sectional population-based study |
| title_fullStr | The prevalence of headache in the adult population of Morocco: a cross-sectional population-based study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The prevalence of headache in the adult population of Morocco: a cross-sectional population-based study |
| title_short | The prevalence of headache in the adult population of Morocco: a cross-sectional population-based study |
| title_sort | prevalence of headache in the adult population of morocco a cross sectional population based study |
| topic | Epidemiology Population-based study Prevalence Headache Migraine Tension-type headache |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01761-y |
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