Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern Ghana
Abstract Background Outbreaks of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases are becoming rampant in Africa. In Ghana, there is no organized arboviral control programme with interventions restricted to mitigate outbreaks. Insecticide application is a crucial part of outbreak responses and future preventative con...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05752-x |
| _version_ | 1797841172038680576 |
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| author | Anisa Abdulai Christopher Mfum Owusu-Asenso Gabriel Akosah-Brempong Abdul Rahim Mohammed Isaac Kwame Sraku Simon Kwaku Attah Akua Obeng Forson David Weetman Yaw Asare Afrane |
| author_facet | Anisa Abdulai Christopher Mfum Owusu-Asenso Gabriel Akosah-Brempong Abdul Rahim Mohammed Isaac Kwame Sraku Simon Kwaku Attah Akua Obeng Forson David Weetman Yaw Asare Afrane |
| author_sort | Anisa Abdulai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Outbreaks of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases are becoming rampant in Africa. In Ghana, there is no organized arboviral control programme with interventions restricted to mitigate outbreaks. Insecticide application is a crucial part of outbreak responses and future preventative control measures. Thus, knowledge of the resistance status and underlying mechanisms of Aedes populations is required to ensure optimal insecticide choices. The present study assessed the insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti populations from southern Ghana (Accra, Tema and Ada Foah) and northern Ghana (Navrongo) respectively. Methods Phenotypic resistance was determined with WHO susceptibility tests using Ae. aegypti collected as larvae and reared into adults. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations were detected using allele-specific PCR. Synergist assays were performed with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to investigate the possible involvement of metabolic mechanisms in resistance phenotypes. Results Resistance to DDT was moderate to high across sites (11.3 to 75.8%) and, for the pyrethroids deltamethrin and permethrin, moderate resistance was detected (62.5 to 88.8%). The 1534C kdr and 1016I kdr alleles were common in all sites (0.65 to 1) and may be on a trajectory toward fixation. In addition, a third kdr mutant, V410L, was detected at lower frequencies (0.03 to 0.31). Pre-exposure to PBO significantly increased the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to deltamethrin and permethrin (P < 0.001). This indicates that in addition to kdr mutants, metabolic enzymes (monooxygenases) may be involved in the resistance phenotypes observed in the Ae. aegypti populations in these sites. Conclusion Insecticide resistance underpinned by multiple mechanisms in Ae. aegypti indicates the need for surveillance to assist in developing appropriate vector control strategies for arboviral disease control in Ghana. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:26:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bdc6b6307714421a9894e07b43f1f53f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:26:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-bdc6b6307714421a9894e07b43f1f53f2023-04-23T11:10:45ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052023-04-0116111210.1186/s13071-023-05752-xInsecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern GhanaAnisa Abdulai0Christopher Mfum Owusu-Asenso1Gabriel Akosah-Brempong2Abdul Rahim Mohammed3Isaac Kwame Sraku4Simon Kwaku Attah5Akua Obeng Forson6David Weetman7Yaw Asare Afrane8Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of GhanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of GhanaAfrican Regional Postgraduate Program in Insect Science, University of GhanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of GhanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of GhanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of GhanaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of GhanaDepartment of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of GhanaAbstract Background Outbreaks of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases are becoming rampant in Africa. In Ghana, there is no organized arboviral control programme with interventions restricted to mitigate outbreaks. Insecticide application is a crucial part of outbreak responses and future preventative control measures. Thus, knowledge of the resistance status and underlying mechanisms of Aedes populations is required to ensure optimal insecticide choices. The present study assessed the insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti populations from southern Ghana (Accra, Tema and Ada Foah) and northern Ghana (Navrongo) respectively. Methods Phenotypic resistance was determined with WHO susceptibility tests using Ae. aegypti collected as larvae and reared into adults. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations were detected using allele-specific PCR. Synergist assays were performed with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to investigate the possible involvement of metabolic mechanisms in resistance phenotypes. Results Resistance to DDT was moderate to high across sites (11.3 to 75.8%) and, for the pyrethroids deltamethrin and permethrin, moderate resistance was detected (62.5 to 88.8%). The 1534C kdr and 1016I kdr alleles were common in all sites (0.65 to 1) and may be on a trajectory toward fixation. In addition, a third kdr mutant, V410L, was detected at lower frequencies (0.03 to 0.31). Pre-exposure to PBO significantly increased the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to deltamethrin and permethrin (P < 0.001). This indicates that in addition to kdr mutants, metabolic enzymes (monooxygenases) may be involved in the resistance phenotypes observed in the Ae. aegypti populations in these sites. Conclusion Insecticide resistance underpinned by multiple mechanisms in Ae. aegypti indicates the need for surveillance to assist in developing appropriate vector control strategies for arboviral disease control in Ghana. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05752-xInsecticide resistanceTarget-site mutationsAedes aegyptiPiperonyl butoxide synergistKnockdown resistanceGhana |
| spellingShingle | Anisa Abdulai Christopher Mfum Owusu-Asenso Gabriel Akosah-Brempong Abdul Rahim Mohammed Isaac Kwame Sraku Simon Kwaku Attah Akua Obeng Forson David Weetman Yaw Asare Afrane Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern Ghana Parasites & Vectors Insecticide resistance Target-site mutations Aedes aegypti Piperonyl butoxide synergist Knockdown resistance Ghana |
| title | Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern Ghana |
| title_full | Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern Ghana |
| title_fullStr | Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern Ghana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern Ghana |
| title_short | Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern Ghana |
| title_sort | insecticide resistance status of aedes aegypti in southern and northern ghana |
| topic | Insecticide resistance Target-site mutations Aedes aegypti Piperonyl butoxide synergist Knockdown resistance Ghana |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05752-x |
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