Statins—From Fungi to Pharmacy
Statins have been used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy. Natural fermentation processes of fungi such as <i>Monascus</i> spp., <i>Penicillium</i> spp., <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>, and <i>Pleurotus ostreatus&l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/466 |
| _version_ | 1797358688528236544 |
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| author | Anna Sadowska Patryk Osiński Alicja Roztocka Karolina Kaczmarz-Chojnacka Ewa Zapora Diana Sawicka Halina Car |
| author_facet | Anna Sadowska Patryk Osiński Alicja Roztocka Karolina Kaczmarz-Chojnacka Ewa Zapora Diana Sawicka Halina Car |
| author_sort | Anna Sadowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Statins have been used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy. Natural fermentation processes of fungi such as <i>Monascus</i> spp., <i>Penicillium</i> spp., <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>, and <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> have given rise to natural statins. Compactin (mevastatin), the original naturally occurring statin, is the primary biotransformation substrate in the manufacturing process of marketed drugs. Statins are classified into natural, semi-synthetic derivatives of natural statins, and synthetic ones. Synthetic statins differ from natural statins in their structural composition, with the only common feature being the HMG-CoA-like moiety responsible for suppressing HMG-CoA reductase. Statins do not differ significantly regarding their pleiotropic and adverse effects, but their characteristics depend on their pharmacokinetic parameters and chemical properties. This paper focuses on describing the processes of obtaining natural statins, detailing the pharmacokinetics of available statins, divided into natural and synthetic, and indicating their pleiotropic effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:05:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bdd57bf6981545028b22a79145bf959a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:05:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bdd57bf6981545028b22a79145bf959a2024-01-10T14:59:37ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-12-0125146610.3390/ijms25010466Statins—From Fungi to PharmacyAnna Sadowska0Patryk Osiński1Alicja Roztocka2Karolina Kaczmarz-Chojnacka3Ewa Zapora4Diana Sawicka5Halina Car6Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, PolandStudent’s Pharmacological Club, Lazarski University, Świeradowska 43, 02-662 Warsaw, PolandStudent’s Pharmacological Club, Lazarski University, Świeradowska 43, 02-662 Warsaw, PolandStudent’s Pharmacological Club, Lazarski University, Świeradowska 43, 02-662 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Silviculture and Forest Use, Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15351 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, PolandStatins have been used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy. Natural fermentation processes of fungi such as <i>Monascus</i> spp., <i>Penicillium</i> spp., <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>, and <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> have given rise to natural statins. Compactin (mevastatin), the original naturally occurring statin, is the primary biotransformation substrate in the manufacturing process of marketed drugs. Statins are classified into natural, semi-synthetic derivatives of natural statins, and synthetic ones. Synthetic statins differ from natural statins in their structural composition, with the only common feature being the HMG-CoA-like moiety responsible for suppressing HMG-CoA reductase. Statins do not differ significantly regarding their pleiotropic and adverse effects, but their characteristics depend on their pharmacokinetic parameters and chemical properties. This paper focuses on describing the processes of obtaining natural statins, detailing the pharmacokinetics of available statins, divided into natural and synthetic, and indicating their pleiotropic effects.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/466statinsfungicholesterolHMG-CoA reductase |
| spellingShingle | Anna Sadowska Patryk Osiński Alicja Roztocka Karolina Kaczmarz-Chojnacka Ewa Zapora Diana Sawicka Halina Car Statins—From Fungi to Pharmacy International Journal of Molecular Sciences statins fungi cholesterol HMG-CoA reductase |
| title | Statins—From Fungi to Pharmacy |
| title_full | Statins—From Fungi to Pharmacy |
| title_fullStr | Statins—From Fungi to Pharmacy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statins—From Fungi to Pharmacy |
| title_short | Statins—From Fungi to Pharmacy |
| title_sort | statins from fungi to pharmacy |
| topic | statins fungi cholesterol HMG-CoA reductase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/466 |
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