Longitudinal genetic studies of cognitive characteristics
The present review describes longitudinal studies of cognitive traits and functions determining the causes of their variations and their possible correction to prevent cognitive impairment. The present study reviews the involvement of such environmental factors as nutrition, prenatal maternal stress...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders
2020-03-01
|
| Series: | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2484 |
| _version_ | 1797214031244689408 |
|---|---|
| author | R. N. Mustafin A. V. Kazantseva R. F. Enikeeva S. B. Malykh E. K. Khusnutdinova |
| author_facet | R. N. Mustafin A. V. Kazantseva R. F. Enikeeva S. B. Malykh E. K. Khusnutdinova |
| author_sort | R. N. Mustafin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present review describes longitudinal studies of cognitive traits and functions determining the causes of their variations and their possible correction to prevent cognitive impairment. The present study reviews the involvement of such environmental factors as nutrition, prenatal maternal stress, social isolation and others in cognitive functioning. The role of epigenetic factors in the implementation of environmental effects in cognitive characteristics is revealed. Considering the epigenome significance, several studies were focused on the design of substances affecting methylation and histone modification, which can be used for the treatment of cognitive disorders. The appropriate correction of epigenetic factors related to environmental differences in cognitive abilities requires to determine the mechanisms of chromatin modifications and variations in DNA methylation. Transposons representing stress-sensitive DNA elements appeared to mediate the environmental influence on epigenetic modifications. They can explain the mechanism of transgenerational transfer of information on cognitive abilities. Recently, large-scale meta-analyses based on the results of studies, which identified genetic associations with various cognitive traits, were carried out. As a result, the role of genes actively expressed in the brain, such as BDNF, COMT, CADM2, CYP2D6, APBA1, CHRNA7, PDE1C, PDE4B, and PDE4D in cognitive abilities was revealed. The association between cognitive functioning and genes, which have been previously involved in developing psychiatric disorders (MEF2C, CYP2D6, FAM109B, SEPT3, NAGA, TCF20, NDUFA6 genes), was revealed, thus indicating the role of the similar mechanisms of genetic and neural networks in both normal cognition and cognitive impairment. An important role in both processes belongs to common epigenetic factors. The genes involved in DNA methylation (DNMT1, DNMT3B, and FTO), histone modifications (CREBBP, CUL4B, EHMT1, EP300, EZH2, HLCS, HUWE1, KAT6B, KMT2A, KMT2D, KMT2C, NSD1, WHSC1, and UBE2A) and chromatin remodeling (ACTB, ARID1A, ARID1B, ATRX, CHD2, CHD7, CHD8, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, SRCAP, and SS18L1) are associated with increased risk of psychiatric diseases with cognitive deficiency together with normal cognitive functioning. The data on the correlation between transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of cognitive abilities and the insert of transposable elements in intergenic regions is discussed. Transposons regulate genes functioning in the brain due to the processing of their transcripts into non-coding RNAs. The content, quantity and arrangement of transposable elements in human genome, which do not affect changes in nucleotide sequences of protein encoding genes, but affect their expression, can be transmitted to the next generation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T16:05:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bddce3db39a44f75b78a93835a7fe1bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2500-3259 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:07:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
| spelling | doaj.art-bddce3db39a44f75b78a93835a7fe1bd2024-04-11T15:31:02ZengSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and BreedersВавиловский журнал генетики и селекции2500-32592020-03-01241879510.18699/VJ20.5991026Longitudinal genetic studies of cognitive characteristicsR. N. Mustafin0A. V. Kazantseva1R. F. Enikeeva2S. B. Malykh3E. K. Khusnutdinova4Bashkir State Medical UniversityInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of SciencesInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of SciencesPsychological Institute of the Russian Academy of EducationInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Laboratory of psychology of professions and conflictsThe present review describes longitudinal studies of cognitive traits and functions determining the causes of their variations and their possible correction to prevent cognitive impairment. The present study reviews the involvement of such environmental factors as nutrition, prenatal maternal stress, social isolation and others in cognitive functioning. The role of epigenetic factors in the implementation of environmental effects in cognitive characteristics is revealed. Considering the epigenome significance, several studies were focused on the design of substances affecting methylation and histone modification, which can be used for the treatment of cognitive disorders. The appropriate correction of epigenetic factors related to environmental differences in cognitive abilities requires to determine the mechanisms of chromatin modifications and variations in DNA methylation. Transposons representing stress-sensitive DNA elements appeared to mediate the environmental influence on epigenetic modifications. They can explain the mechanism of transgenerational transfer of information on cognitive abilities. Recently, large-scale meta-analyses based on the results of studies, which identified genetic associations with various cognitive traits, were carried out. As a result, the role of genes actively expressed in the brain, such as BDNF, COMT, CADM2, CYP2D6, APBA1, CHRNA7, PDE1C, PDE4B, and PDE4D in cognitive abilities was revealed. The association between cognitive functioning and genes, which have been previously involved in developing psychiatric disorders (MEF2C, CYP2D6, FAM109B, SEPT3, NAGA, TCF20, NDUFA6 genes), was revealed, thus indicating the role of the similar mechanisms of genetic and neural networks in both normal cognition and cognitive impairment. An important role in both processes belongs to common epigenetic factors. The genes involved in DNA methylation (DNMT1, DNMT3B, and FTO), histone modifications (CREBBP, CUL4B, EHMT1, EP300, EZH2, HLCS, HUWE1, KAT6B, KMT2A, KMT2D, KMT2C, NSD1, WHSC1, and UBE2A) and chromatin remodeling (ACTB, ARID1A, ARID1B, ATRX, CHD2, CHD7, CHD8, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, SRCAP, and SS18L1) are associated with increased risk of psychiatric diseases with cognitive deficiency together with normal cognitive functioning. The data on the correlation between transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of cognitive abilities and the insert of transposable elements in intergenic regions is discussed. Transposons regulate genes functioning in the brain due to the processing of their transcripts into non-coding RNAs. The content, quantity and arrangement of transposable elements in human genome, which do not affect changes in nucleotide sequences of protein encoding genes, but affect their expression, can be transmitted to the next generation.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2484braincognitive functionslongitudinal studiestransposable elements |
| spellingShingle | R. N. Mustafin A. V. Kazantseva R. F. Enikeeva S. B. Malykh E. K. Khusnutdinova Longitudinal genetic studies of cognitive characteristics Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции brain cognitive functions longitudinal studies transposable elements |
| title | Longitudinal genetic studies of cognitive characteristics |
| title_full | Longitudinal genetic studies of cognitive characteristics |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal genetic studies of cognitive characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal genetic studies of cognitive characteristics |
| title_short | Longitudinal genetic studies of cognitive characteristics |
| title_sort | longitudinal genetic studies of cognitive characteristics |
| topic | brain cognitive functions longitudinal studies transposable elements |
| url | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2484 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rnmustafin longitudinalgeneticstudiesofcognitivecharacteristics AT avkazantseva longitudinalgeneticstudiesofcognitivecharacteristics AT rfenikeeva longitudinalgeneticstudiesofcognitivecharacteristics AT sbmalykh longitudinalgeneticstudiesofcognitivecharacteristics AT ekkhusnutdinova longitudinalgeneticstudiesofcognitivecharacteristics |