Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event
Background: It is important for health professionals to have tools available to assess patients’ knowledge of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors after they have suffered a coronary event and determine whether educational interventions are effective. This study aims to design and validate a sc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/10/2773 |
| _version_ | 1797498965161148416 |
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| author | María Ángeles Bernal-Jiménez Germán Calle-Pérez Alejandro Gutiérrez-Barrios Livia Gheorghe Ana María Solano-Mulero Nuria Trujillo-Garrido Amelia Rodríguez-Martín Josep A. Tur Rafael Vázquez-García María José Santi-Cano |
| author_facet | María Ángeles Bernal-Jiménez Germán Calle-Pérez Alejandro Gutiérrez-Barrios Livia Gheorghe Ana María Solano-Mulero Nuria Trujillo-Garrido Amelia Rodríguez-Martín Josep A. Tur Rafael Vázquez-García María José Santi-Cano |
| author_sort | María Ángeles Bernal-Jiménez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: It is important for health professionals to have tools available to assess patients’ knowledge of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors after they have suffered a coronary event and determine whether educational interventions are effective. This study aims to design and validate a scale to evaluate this knowledge. Methods: Four-phase instrument design: (A) Conceptual review. (B) Review by experts. (C) Pilot test–retest. (D) Psychometric validation of the final version of the questionnaire with 24 items. A panel of experts performed the content validity. The reliability of the scale was measured using Cronbach’s alpha score and criterion validity was evaluated by comparing the total scores for knowledge obtained by the participants among the three education level groups. The construct and dimensional structure validity were assessed using exploratory factor analysis. Results: A total of 143 people participated, 30 in the pilot study and 113 (68% male, 60.2 ± 9 years) in the psychometric validation of version 3 of the scale. A Cronbach’s alpha score of 0.887 was reached for this version. The factor analysis showed that the items were distributed into five factors that explained 57% of the variance. Significant differences were observed in the level of knowledge among the patients of the three levels of education (low, moderate and high) (99.20 ± 11.93, 105.92 ± 7.85, 109.78 ± 8.76 points, <i>p</i> = 0.003), as there was a negative correlation between age and knowledge level (r = −0.213, <i>p</i> = 0.024). Conclusions: The scale presents psychometric properties that are evidence of its reliability and validity. The relationship demonstrated between the level of knowledge and age, sex and level of education shows the importance of emphasizing educational interventions for elderly people and those with a lower level of education. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:40:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bde9f35289f847e7ae0b0e78a2bebb41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:40:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-bde9f35289f847e7ae0b0e78a2bebb412023-11-23T11:34:37ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-05-011110277310.3390/jcm11102773Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary EventMaría Ángeles Bernal-Jiménez0Germán Calle-Pérez1Alejandro Gutiérrez-Barrios2Livia Gheorghe3Ana María Solano-Mulero4Nuria Trujillo-Garrido5Amelia Rodríguez-Martín6Josep A. Tur7Rafael Vázquez-García8María José Santi-Cano9Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, SpainInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainCardiology Unit, Puerta del Mar Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, SpainFaculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, SpainFaculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, SpainResearch Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IDISBA & CIBEROBN, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, SpainInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainFaculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, SpainBackground: It is important for health professionals to have tools available to assess patients’ knowledge of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors after they have suffered a coronary event and determine whether educational interventions are effective. This study aims to design and validate a scale to evaluate this knowledge. Methods: Four-phase instrument design: (A) Conceptual review. (B) Review by experts. (C) Pilot test–retest. (D) Psychometric validation of the final version of the questionnaire with 24 items. A panel of experts performed the content validity. The reliability of the scale was measured using Cronbach’s alpha score and criterion validity was evaluated by comparing the total scores for knowledge obtained by the participants among the three education level groups. The construct and dimensional structure validity were assessed using exploratory factor analysis. Results: A total of 143 people participated, 30 in the pilot study and 113 (68% male, 60.2 ± 9 years) in the psychometric validation of version 3 of the scale. A Cronbach’s alpha score of 0.887 was reached for this version. The factor analysis showed that the items were distributed into five factors that explained 57% of the variance. Significant differences were observed in the level of knowledge among the patients of the three levels of education (low, moderate and high) (99.20 ± 11.93, 105.92 ± 7.85, 109.78 ± 8.76 points, <i>p</i> = 0.003), as there was a negative correlation between age and knowledge level (r = −0.213, <i>p</i> = 0.024). Conclusions: The scale presents psychometric properties that are evidence of its reliability and validity. The relationship demonstrated between the level of knowledge and age, sex and level of education shows the importance of emphasizing educational interventions for elderly people and those with a lower level of education.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/10/2773scaleknowledgecardiovascular risk factorslifestylecoronary disease |
| spellingShingle | María Ángeles Bernal-Jiménez Germán Calle-Pérez Alejandro Gutiérrez-Barrios Livia Gheorghe Ana María Solano-Mulero Nuria Trujillo-Garrido Amelia Rodríguez-Martín Josep A. Tur Rafael Vázquez-García María José Santi-Cano Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event Journal of Clinical Medicine scale knowledge cardiovascular risk factors lifestyle coronary disease |
| title | Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event |
| title_full | Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event |
| title_fullStr | Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event |
| title_short | Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event |
| title_sort | design and validation of a scale of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle after coronary event |
| topic | scale knowledge cardiovascular risk factors lifestyle coronary disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/10/2773 |
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