The Identification of Broomcorn Millet bZIP Transcription Factors, Which Regulate Growth and Development to Enhance Stress Tolerance and Seed Germination
Broomcorn millet (<i>Panicum miliaceum</i> L.) is a water-efficient and highly salt-tolerant plant. In this study, the salt tolerance of 17 local species of broomcorn millet was evaluated through testing based on the analysis of the whitening time and the germination rate of their seeds....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/12/6448 |
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| author | Peipei An Xiang Li Tianxiang Liu Zhijie Shui Mingxun Chen Xin Gao Zhonghua Wang |
| author_facet | Peipei An Xiang Li Tianxiang Liu Zhijie Shui Mingxun Chen Xin Gao Zhonghua Wang |
| author_sort | Peipei An |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Broomcorn millet (<i>Panicum miliaceum</i> L.) is a water-efficient and highly salt-tolerant plant. In this study, the salt tolerance of 17 local species of broomcorn millet was evaluated through testing based on the analysis of the whitening time and the germination rate of their seeds. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that <i>PmbZIP131</i>, <i>PmbZIP125</i>, <i>PmbZIP33</i>, <i>PmABI5</i>, <i>PmbZIP118</i>, and <i>PmbZIP97</i> are involved in seed germination under salt stress. Seedling stage expression analysis indicates that <i>PmABI5</i> expression was induced by treatments of high salt (200 mM NaCl), drought (20% W/V PEG6000), and low temperature (4 °C) in seedlings of the salt-tolerant variety Y9. The overexpression of <i>PmABI5</i> significantly increases the germination rate and root traits of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> transgenic lines, with root growth and grain traits significantly enhanced compared to the wild type (Nipponbare). BiFC showed that PmABI5 undergoes homologous dimerization in addition to forming a heterodimer with either PmbZIP33 or PmbZIP131. Further yeast one-hybrid experiments showed that <i>PmABI5</i> and <i>PmbZIP131</i> regulate the expression of <i>PmNAC1</i> by binding to the G-box in the promoter. These results indicate that <i>PmABI5</i> can directly regulate seed germination and seedling growth and indirectly improve the salt tolerance of plants by regulating the expression of the <i>PmNAC1</i> gene through the formation of heterodimers with <i>PmbZIP131</i>. |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bdef4766d24d4474a3bbb1cd0b3a4d072023-11-23T17:00:54ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012312644810.3390/ijms23126448The Identification of Broomcorn Millet bZIP Transcription Factors, Which Regulate Growth and Development to Enhance Stress Tolerance and Seed GerminationPeipei An0Xiang Li1Tianxiang Liu2Zhijie Shui3Mingxun Chen4Xin Gao5Zhonghua Wang6State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaBroomcorn millet (<i>Panicum miliaceum</i> L.) is a water-efficient and highly salt-tolerant plant. In this study, the salt tolerance of 17 local species of broomcorn millet was evaluated through testing based on the analysis of the whitening time and the germination rate of their seeds. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that <i>PmbZIP131</i>, <i>PmbZIP125</i>, <i>PmbZIP33</i>, <i>PmABI5</i>, <i>PmbZIP118</i>, and <i>PmbZIP97</i> are involved in seed germination under salt stress. Seedling stage expression analysis indicates that <i>PmABI5</i> expression was induced by treatments of high salt (200 mM NaCl), drought (20% W/V PEG6000), and low temperature (4 °C) in seedlings of the salt-tolerant variety Y9. The overexpression of <i>PmABI5</i> significantly increases the germination rate and root traits of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> transgenic lines, with root growth and grain traits significantly enhanced compared to the wild type (Nipponbare). BiFC showed that PmABI5 undergoes homologous dimerization in addition to forming a heterodimer with either PmbZIP33 or PmbZIP131. Further yeast one-hybrid experiments showed that <i>PmABI5</i> and <i>PmbZIP131</i> regulate the expression of <i>PmNAC1</i> by binding to the G-box in the promoter. These results indicate that <i>PmABI5</i> can directly regulate seed germination and seedling growth and indirectly improve the salt tolerance of plants by regulating the expression of the <i>PmNAC1</i> gene through the formation of heterodimers with <i>PmbZIP131</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/12/6448bZIP transcription factorgene family analysisstress responseroot developmentNAC transcription factor |
| spellingShingle | Peipei An Xiang Li Tianxiang Liu Zhijie Shui Mingxun Chen Xin Gao Zhonghua Wang The Identification of Broomcorn Millet bZIP Transcription Factors, Which Regulate Growth and Development to Enhance Stress Tolerance and Seed Germination International Journal of Molecular Sciences bZIP transcription factor gene family analysis stress response root development NAC transcription factor |
| title | The Identification of Broomcorn Millet bZIP Transcription Factors, Which Regulate Growth and Development to Enhance Stress Tolerance and Seed Germination |
| title_full | The Identification of Broomcorn Millet bZIP Transcription Factors, Which Regulate Growth and Development to Enhance Stress Tolerance and Seed Germination |
| title_fullStr | The Identification of Broomcorn Millet bZIP Transcription Factors, Which Regulate Growth and Development to Enhance Stress Tolerance and Seed Germination |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Identification of Broomcorn Millet bZIP Transcription Factors, Which Regulate Growth and Development to Enhance Stress Tolerance and Seed Germination |
| title_short | The Identification of Broomcorn Millet bZIP Transcription Factors, Which Regulate Growth and Development to Enhance Stress Tolerance and Seed Germination |
| title_sort | identification of broomcorn millet bzip transcription factors which regulate growth and development to enhance stress tolerance and seed germination |
| topic | bZIP transcription factor gene family analysis stress response root development NAC transcription factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/12/6448 |
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