Nest boxes increase reproductive output for Tree Swallows in a forest grassland matrix in central British Columbia.

Secondary cavity-nesting birds depend on tree cavities for nesting and roosting, but many studies of these birds are conducted using nest boxes. Implementation of effective conservation strategies for cavity-nesting species such as nest-site supplementation requires careful comparisons of fecundity...

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Main Authors: Andrea R Norris, Kathryn E H Aitken, Kathy Martin, Stanley Pokorny
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2018-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6179212?pdf=render
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author Andrea R Norris
Kathryn E H Aitken
Kathy Martin
Stanley Pokorny
author_facet Andrea R Norris
Kathryn E H Aitken
Kathy Martin
Stanley Pokorny
author_sort Andrea R Norris
collection DOAJ
description Secondary cavity-nesting birds depend on tree cavities for nesting and roosting, but many studies of these birds are conducted using nest boxes. Implementation of effective conservation strategies for cavity-nesting species such as nest-site supplementation requires careful comparisons of fecundity and other vital rates for birds using both natural and artificial nest site types. We compared breeding phenology, clutch and brood sizes, and fledging success of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in tree cavities and nest boxes during 2001-2003 in British Columbia, Canada. Swallows using nest boxes initiated egg-laying and hatched young at approximately the same time as those in tree cavities (2 June, 23 June, respectively). Female Tree Swallows in boxes laid larger clutches (5.9 ± 0.9 eggs, N = 76) than those in tree cavities (4.2 ± 1.6 eggs, N = 67). The mean number of nestlings hatched was greater in nest boxes (5.2 ± 1.1 nestlings, N = 67) than in tree cavities (2.6 ± 2.0 nestlings, N = 58). Pairs in boxes were over twice as successful in producing fledglings (93.4%; 57 of 61 pairs fledged > 1 young) than those in tree cavities (35.8%; 19 of 53 pairs). Of those successful nests, pairs nesting in boxes fledged 5.1 ± 1.1 young (N = 57), whereas those in tree cavities fledged 3.5 ± 1.2 young (N = 18). Because cavities in nest boxes averaged 60% larger in volume and 1.8 cm wider internally than tree cavities, we suggest that increased reproductive output was correlated with boxes enabling a larger clutch size. In previous research, we found that Tree Swallows were a poor competitor with other cavity-nesting passerines for tree cavities. The addition of nest boxes may serve as an effective way to supplement local reproduction for secondary cavity-nesting bird populations by reducing competition for limited nest sites. This is especially true in regions where the availability of natural nesting sites is highly variable, and where species compete with many other cavity-nesting passerines using a similar ecological niche and nesting cavities.
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spelling doaj.art-bdf4a8a3eff2403db2564f90848ef9bc2022-12-21T23:52:06ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032018-01-011310e020422610.1371/journal.pone.0204226Nest boxes increase reproductive output for Tree Swallows in a forest grassland matrix in central British Columbia.Andrea R NorrisKathryn E H AitkenKathy MartinStanley PokornySecondary cavity-nesting birds depend on tree cavities for nesting and roosting, but many studies of these birds are conducted using nest boxes. Implementation of effective conservation strategies for cavity-nesting species such as nest-site supplementation requires careful comparisons of fecundity and other vital rates for birds using both natural and artificial nest site types. We compared breeding phenology, clutch and brood sizes, and fledging success of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in tree cavities and nest boxes during 2001-2003 in British Columbia, Canada. Swallows using nest boxes initiated egg-laying and hatched young at approximately the same time as those in tree cavities (2 June, 23 June, respectively). Female Tree Swallows in boxes laid larger clutches (5.9 ± 0.9 eggs, N = 76) than those in tree cavities (4.2 ± 1.6 eggs, N = 67). The mean number of nestlings hatched was greater in nest boxes (5.2 ± 1.1 nestlings, N = 67) than in tree cavities (2.6 ± 2.0 nestlings, N = 58). Pairs in boxes were over twice as successful in producing fledglings (93.4%; 57 of 61 pairs fledged > 1 young) than those in tree cavities (35.8%; 19 of 53 pairs). Of those successful nests, pairs nesting in boxes fledged 5.1 ± 1.1 young (N = 57), whereas those in tree cavities fledged 3.5 ± 1.2 young (N = 18). Because cavities in nest boxes averaged 60% larger in volume and 1.8 cm wider internally than tree cavities, we suggest that increased reproductive output was correlated with boxes enabling a larger clutch size. In previous research, we found that Tree Swallows were a poor competitor with other cavity-nesting passerines for tree cavities. The addition of nest boxes may serve as an effective way to supplement local reproduction for secondary cavity-nesting bird populations by reducing competition for limited nest sites. This is especially true in regions where the availability of natural nesting sites is highly variable, and where species compete with many other cavity-nesting passerines using a similar ecological niche and nesting cavities.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6179212?pdf=render
spellingShingle Andrea R Norris
Kathryn E H Aitken
Kathy Martin
Stanley Pokorny
Nest boxes increase reproductive output for Tree Swallows in a forest grassland matrix in central British Columbia.
PLoS ONE
title Nest boxes increase reproductive output for Tree Swallows in a forest grassland matrix in central British Columbia.
title_full Nest boxes increase reproductive output for Tree Swallows in a forest grassland matrix in central British Columbia.
title_fullStr Nest boxes increase reproductive output for Tree Swallows in a forest grassland matrix in central British Columbia.
title_full_unstemmed Nest boxes increase reproductive output for Tree Swallows in a forest grassland matrix in central British Columbia.
title_short Nest boxes increase reproductive output for Tree Swallows in a forest grassland matrix in central British Columbia.
title_sort nest boxes increase reproductive output for tree swallows in a forest grassland matrix in central british columbia
url http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6179212?pdf=render
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AT kathymartin nestboxesincreasereproductiveoutputfortreeswallowsinaforestgrasslandmatrixincentralbritishcolumbia
AT stanleypokorny nestboxesincreasereproductiveoutputfortreeswallowsinaforestgrasslandmatrixincentralbritishcolumbia