Accessibility and effects of binder types on the physical and energetic properties of ecological coal
The objective of this paper was to determine the effects of binders on the physical and energetic properties of briquettes as well as their accessibility. Proximate analysis and investigation on binder cost on local market were conducted. The results show that the addition of binder increases the du...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022026986 |
| _version_ | 1811213849755385856 |
|---|---|
| author | Kodji Ezéchiel Tize Koda Joel Awono Abdon Djoulde Darman Roger |
| author_facet | Kodji Ezéchiel Tize Koda Joel Awono Abdon Djoulde Darman Roger |
| author_sort | Kodji Ezéchiel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this paper was to determine the effects of binders on the physical and energetic properties of briquettes as well as their accessibility. Proximate analysis and investigation on binder cost on local market were conducted. The results show that the addition of binder increases the durability and density, but decreases the LHV of briquettes. However, when the LHV of the binder is higher than that of the biomass used for briquette making, the LHV will increase. Among the binders used, cassava starch contains more LHV (19.082 ± 0.381 MJ/kg), followed by cow dung (17.088 ± 0.274 MJ/kg), arabic gum (16.015 ± 0.631 MJ/kg), bark of Grewia bicolor comes last with 14.020 ± 0.272 MJ/kg, and black clay does not contain energy. For a piece of briquette which weighs 20 g, bark of G. bicolor gives a better hardness with a crushing limit load of 22 kg, followed by arabic gum with 19.5 kg, and cow dung with 14 kg. Similarly, bark of G. bicolor gives the higher density, followed by arabic gum. A kg of gum arabic, G. bicolor and starch costs between US$ 1.60 and 3.17. It is important to afforest the plant species that produce binders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:53:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bdf64e8a203549b7aad8c02b263048f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:53:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-bdf64e8a203549b7aad8c02b263048f92022-12-22T03:45:13ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-11-01811e11410Accessibility and effects of binder types on the physical and energetic properties of ecological coalKodji Ezéchiel0Tize Koda Joel1Awono Abdon2Djoulde Darman Roger3Department of Environmental Science, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, Cameroon; Corresponding author.Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, CameroonCenter for International Forestry Research, Central Africa Regional Office, P. O. Box 16317, Yaounde, CameroonDepartment of Agriculture Animal Husbandry and By-Products, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, CameroonThe objective of this paper was to determine the effects of binders on the physical and energetic properties of briquettes as well as their accessibility. Proximate analysis and investigation on binder cost on local market were conducted. The results show that the addition of binder increases the durability and density, but decreases the LHV of briquettes. However, when the LHV of the binder is higher than that of the biomass used for briquette making, the LHV will increase. Among the binders used, cassava starch contains more LHV (19.082 ± 0.381 MJ/kg), followed by cow dung (17.088 ± 0.274 MJ/kg), arabic gum (16.015 ± 0.631 MJ/kg), bark of Grewia bicolor comes last with 14.020 ± 0.272 MJ/kg, and black clay does not contain energy. For a piece of briquette which weighs 20 g, bark of G. bicolor gives a better hardness with a crushing limit load of 22 kg, followed by arabic gum with 19.5 kg, and cow dung with 14 kg. Similarly, bark of G. bicolor gives the higher density, followed by arabic gum. A kg of gum arabic, G. bicolor and starch costs between US$ 1.60 and 3.17. It is important to afforest the plant species that produce binders.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022026986BindersPhysicalEnergeticPropertiesEcological coal |
| spellingShingle | Kodji Ezéchiel Tize Koda Joel Awono Abdon Djoulde Darman Roger Accessibility and effects of binder types on the physical and energetic properties of ecological coal Heliyon Binders Physical Energetic Properties Ecological coal |
| title | Accessibility and effects of binder types on the physical and energetic properties of ecological coal |
| title_full | Accessibility and effects of binder types on the physical and energetic properties of ecological coal |
| title_fullStr | Accessibility and effects of binder types on the physical and energetic properties of ecological coal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accessibility and effects of binder types on the physical and energetic properties of ecological coal |
| title_short | Accessibility and effects of binder types on the physical and energetic properties of ecological coal |
| title_sort | accessibility and effects of binder types on the physical and energetic properties of ecological coal |
| topic | Binders Physical Energetic Properties Ecological coal |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022026986 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kodjiezechiel accessibilityandeffectsofbindertypesonthephysicalandenergeticpropertiesofecologicalcoal AT tizekodajoel accessibilityandeffectsofbindertypesonthephysicalandenergeticpropertiesofecologicalcoal AT awonoabdon accessibilityandeffectsofbindertypesonthephysicalandenergeticpropertiesofecologicalcoal AT djouldedarmanroger accessibilityandeffectsofbindertypesonthephysicalandenergeticpropertiesofecologicalcoal |