Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption
Alloyed Ductile iron, austenitized at 840 °C for 30 min in a special sealed austempering furnace, was austempered for 30 min in molten salt mixture at 4 trial temperatures of 300 °C, 320 °C, 340 °C and 360 °C. Tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation and impact energy were evaluated f...
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MDPI AG
2018-01-01
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| author | Prabhukumar Sellamuthu D. G. Harris Samuel D. Dinakaran V. P. Premkumar Zushu Li Sridhar Seetharaman |
| author_facet | Prabhukumar Sellamuthu D. G. Harris Samuel D. Dinakaran V. P. Premkumar Zushu Li Sridhar Seetharaman |
| author_sort | Prabhukumar Sellamuthu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alloyed Ductile iron, austenitized at 840 °C for 30 min in a special sealed austempering furnace, was austempered for 30 min in molten salt mixture at 4 trial temperatures of 300 °C, 320 °C, 340 °C and 360 °C. Tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation and impact energy were evaluated for the as-cast and austempered samples. Microstructures were investigated using microscopy, coupled with analyzing software and a scanning electron microscopy. The specific wear of samples was tested using pin-on-disc wear testing machine. X-ray diffraction was performed to calculate the amount of retained austenite present in the ausferrite matrix. As-cast microstructure consists of ferrite and pearlite, whereas austempered ductile iron (ADI) contains a mixture of acicular ferrite and carbon enriched austenite, called “ausferrite”. Hardness and strength decreased, whereas ductility and impact strength improved with an increase in the austempering temperature. XRD analysis revealed that the increase in austempering temperature increased the retained austenite content. A decrease in wear resistance with austempering temperature was observed. Modified Quality Index (MQI) values were envisaged, incorporating tensile strength, elongation and wear resistance. MQI for samples austempered at 340 °C and 360 °C showed a better combination of properties. About an 8% reduction in energy consumption was gained when the heat treatment parameters were optimized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:40:54Z |
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| issn | 2075-4701 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:40:54Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-bdfb1f0cfc54419896362889d1880b222022-12-21T23:35:14ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012018-01-01815310.3390/met8010053met8010053Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy ConsumptionPrabhukumar Sellamuthu0D. G. Harris Samuel1D. Dinakaran2V. P. Premkumar3Zushu Li4Sridhar Seetharaman5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai 603103, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai 603103, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai 603103, IndiaResearch and Development, Nelcast Private Ltd., Chennai 600018, IndiaWMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKWMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKAlloyed Ductile iron, austenitized at 840 °C for 30 min in a special sealed austempering furnace, was austempered for 30 min in molten salt mixture at 4 trial temperatures of 300 °C, 320 °C, 340 °C and 360 °C. Tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation and impact energy were evaluated for the as-cast and austempered samples. Microstructures were investigated using microscopy, coupled with analyzing software and a scanning electron microscopy. The specific wear of samples was tested using pin-on-disc wear testing machine. X-ray diffraction was performed to calculate the amount of retained austenite present in the ausferrite matrix. As-cast microstructure consists of ferrite and pearlite, whereas austempered ductile iron (ADI) contains a mixture of acicular ferrite and carbon enriched austenite, called “ausferrite”. Hardness and strength decreased, whereas ductility and impact strength improved with an increase in the austempering temperature. XRD analysis revealed that the increase in austempering temperature increased the retained austenite content. A decrease in wear resistance with austempering temperature was observed. Modified Quality Index (MQI) values were envisaged, incorporating tensile strength, elongation and wear resistance. MQI for samples austempered at 340 °C and 360 °C showed a better combination of properties. About an 8% reduction in energy consumption was gained when the heat treatment parameters were optimized.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/1/53austempered ductile iron (ADI)mechanical propertiesimpact energymicrostructurewear |
| spellingShingle | Prabhukumar Sellamuthu D. G. Harris Samuel D. Dinakaran V. P. Premkumar Zushu Li Sridhar Seetharaman Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption Metals austempered ductile iron (ADI) mechanical properties impact energy microstructure wear |
| title | Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption |
| title_full | Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption |
| title_fullStr | Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption |
| title_short | Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption |
| title_sort | austempered ductile iron adi influence of austempering temperature on microstructure mechanical and wear properties and energy consumption |
| topic | austempered ductile iron (ADI) mechanical properties impact energy microstructure wear |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/1/53 |
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