Molecular Crystallization Inhibitors for Salt Damage Control in Porous Materials: An Overview
The use of inhibition chemicals holds the prospect of an efficient strategy to control crystallization in porous materials, thereby potentially contributing to the prevention or mitigation of the salt decay phenomenon in modern as well as historical building materials in a more sustainable manner. I...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/8/1873 |
| _version_ | 1797570272222511104 |
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| author | Maria Paola Bracciale Svetlana Sammut JoAnn Cassar Maria Laura Santarelli Assunta Marrocchi |
| author_facet | Maria Paola Bracciale Svetlana Sammut JoAnn Cassar Maria Laura Santarelli Assunta Marrocchi |
| author_sort | Maria Paola Bracciale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of inhibition chemicals holds the prospect of an efficient strategy to control crystallization in porous materials, thereby potentially contributing to the prevention or mitigation of the salt decay phenomenon in modern as well as historical building materials in a more sustainable manner. In this review, we first provide an essential background on the mechanism of salt crystallization and on the factors influencing this phenomenon; next, we illustrate the mechanism at the basis of the action of crystal growth inhibitors, and critically discuss the major advances in the development of different families of inhibitors, particularly focusing on their influence on salt transport and crystallization within the structure of porous media. Specifically, correlations between the crystallization inhibition processes in porous materials and variables, such as porous substrate composition and properties, contaminant salt type and concentrations, microclimatic conditions, inhibiting solution concentration and properties, and application methods, will be highlighted. Environmental aspects, limitations, and problems associated with some inhibition chemicals are also taken into account. Finally, a survey and a discussion on the most representative experimental techniques and instrumentation available to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the inhibitor effectiveness, as well as recently developed modelling tools are given out. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:23:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be0649eb13fb464484f78ae413a05fe6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:23:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-be0649eb13fb464484f78ae413a05fe62023-11-19T22:01:08ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-04-01258187310.3390/molecules25081873Molecular Crystallization Inhibitors for Salt Damage Control in Porous Materials: An OverviewMaria Paola Bracciale0Svetlana Sammut1JoAnn Cassar2Maria Laura Santarelli3Assunta Marrocchi4Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Environment and CISTeC- Research Center in Science and Technology for the Conservation of Historical-Architectural Heritage, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Conservation and Built Heritage, Faculty for the Built Environment, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, MaltaDepartment of Conservation and Built Heritage, Faculty for the Built Environment, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, MaltaDepartment of Chemical Engineering Materials and Environment and CISTeC- Research Center in Science and Technology for the Conservation of Historical-Architectural Heritage, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, ItalyThe use of inhibition chemicals holds the prospect of an efficient strategy to control crystallization in porous materials, thereby potentially contributing to the prevention or mitigation of the salt decay phenomenon in modern as well as historical building materials in a more sustainable manner. In this review, we first provide an essential background on the mechanism of salt crystallization and on the factors influencing this phenomenon; next, we illustrate the mechanism at the basis of the action of crystal growth inhibitors, and critically discuss the major advances in the development of different families of inhibitors, particularly focusing on their influence on salt transport and crystallization within the structure of porous media. Specifically, correlations between the crystallization inhibition processes in porous materials and variables, such as porous substrate composition and properties, contaminant salt type and concentrations, microclimatic conditions, inhibiting solution concentration and properties, and application methods, will be highlighted. Environmental aspects, limitations, and problems associated with some inhibition chemicals are also taken into account. Finally, a survey and a discussion on the most representative experimental techniques and instrumentation available to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the inhibitor effectiveness, as well as recently developed modelling tools are given out.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/8/1873crystallization inhibitorssustainabilitysalt decayporous materialsbuilt heritage |
| spellingShingle | Maria Paola Bracciale Svetlana Sammut JoAnn Cassar Maria Laura Santarelli Assunta Marrocchi Molecular Crystallization Inhibitors for Salt Damage Control in Porous Materials: An Overview Molecules crystallization inhibitors sustainability salt decay porous materials built heritage |
| title | Molecular Crystallization Inhibitors for Salt Damage Control in Porous Materials: An Overview |
| title_full | Molecular Crystallization Inhibitors for Salt Damage Control in Porous Materials: An Overview |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Crystallization Inhibitors for Salt Damage Control in Porous Materials: An Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Crystallization Inhibitors for Salt Damage Control in Porous Materials: An Overview |
| title_short | Molecular Crystallization Inhibitors for Salt Damage Control in Porous Materials: An Overview |
| title_sort | molecular crystallization inhibitors for salt damage control in porous materials an overview |
| topic | crystallization inhibitors sustainability salt decay porous materials built heritage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/8/1873 |
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