Comprehensive Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride and Reversal of Gandankang Formula in Mice Liver: Involved in Oxidative Stress, Excessive Inflammation, and Intestinal Microflora
Aim: To systematically evaluate the effect of Gandankang (GDK) aqueous extract in alleviating acute and chronic liver injury. Forty-one chemical compounds were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS)...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2234 |
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| author | Yuanyuan Wei Huiru Wang Yannan Zhang Jinhua Gu Xiuying Zhang Xuhao Gong Zhihui Hao |
| author_facet | Yuanyuan Wei Huiru Wang Yannan Zhang Jinhua Gu Xiuying Zhang Xuhao Gong Zhihui Hao |
| author_sort | Yuanyuan Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aim: To systematically evaluate the effect of Gandankang (GDK) aqueous extract in alleviating acute and chronic liver injury. Forty-one chemical compounds were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) from GDK. All dosages of GDK and Biphenyl diester (BD) improved CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced acute and chronic liver injury. GDK curbed liver fibrosis and blocked the NF-κB pathway to effectively inhibit the hepatic inflammatory response. Additionally, GDK treatment reduced the abundance of <i>Phascolarctobacterium</i>, <i>Turicibacter</i>, <i>Clostridium_xlva</i>, <i>Atoprostipes</i>, and <i>Eubacterium</i>, in comparison with those in the CCl<sub>4</sub> mice and elevated the abundance of <i>Megamonas</i> and <i>Clostridium_IV</i> as evident from 16S rDNA sequencing. Correlation analysis showed that the abundance of <i>Eubacterium</i> and <i>Phascolarctobacterium</i> was positively correlated with inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidation indexes. This indicates that GDK ameliorates chronic liver injury by mitigating fibrosis and inflammation. Nrf2 pathway is the key target of GDK in inhibiting liver inflammation and ferroptosis. <i>Eubacterium</i> and <i>Phascolarctobacterium</i> played a vital role in attenuating liver fibrosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:31:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be0d23b720b647ed8e86412ad12bbd93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:31:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-be0d23b720b647ed8e86412ad12bbd932023-11-24T07:31:55ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-11-011111223410.3390/antiox11112234Comprehensive Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride and Reversal of Gandankang Formula in Mice Liver: Involved in Oxidative Stress, Excessive Inflammation, and Intestinal MicrofloraYuanyuan Wei0Huiru Wang1Yannan Zhang2Jinhua Gu3Xiuying Zhang4Xuhao Gong5Zhihui Hao6Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaAim: To systematically evaluate the effect of Gandankang (GDK) aqueous extract in alleviating acute and chronic liver injury. Forty-one chemical compounds were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) from GDK. All dosages of GDK and Biphenyl diester (BD) improved CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced acute and chronic liver injury. GDK curbed liver fibrosis and blocked the NF-κB pathway to effectively inhibit the hepatic inflammatory response. Additionally, GDK treatment reduced the abundance of <i>Phascolarctobacterium</i>, <i>Turicibacter</i>, <i>Clostridium_xlva</i>, <i>Atoprostipes</i>, and <i>Eubacterium</i>, in comparison with those in the CCl<sub>4</sub> mice and elevated the abundance of <i>Megamonas</i> and <i>Clostridium_IV</i> as evident from 16S rDNA sequencing. Correlation analysis showed that the abundance of <i>Eubacterium</i> and <i>Phascolarctobacterium</i> was positively correlated with inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidation indexes. This indicates that GDK ameliorates chronic liver injury by mitigating fibrosis and inflammation. Nrf2 pathway is the key target of GDK in inhibiting liver inflammation and ferroptosis. <i>Eubacterium</i> and <i>Phascolarctobacterium</i> played a vital role in attenuating liver fibrosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2234chronic liver injurynuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2intestinal floracomponent analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yuanyuan Wei Huiru Wang Yannan Zhang Jinhua Gu Xiuying Zhang Xuhao Gong Zhihui Hao Comprehensive Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride and Reversal of Gandankang Formula in Mice Liver: Involved in Oxidative Stress, Excessive Inflammation, and Intestinal Microflora Antioxidants chronic liver injury nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 intestinal flora component analysis |
| title | Comprehensive Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride and Reversal of Gandankang Formula in Mice Liver: Involved in Oxidative Stress, Excessive Inflammation, and Intestinal Microflora |
| title_full | Comprehensive Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride and Reversal of Gandankang Formula in Mice Liver: Involved in Oxidative Stress, Excessive Inflammation, and Intestinal Microflora |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride and Reversal of Gandankang Formula in Mice Liver: Involved in Oxidative Stress, Excessive Inflammation, and Intestinal Microflora |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride and Reversal of Gandankang Formula in Mice Liver: Involved in Oxidative Stress, Excessive Inflammation, and Intestinal Microflora |
| title_short | Comprehensive Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride and Reversal of Gandankang Formula in Mice Liver: Involved in Oxidative Stress, Excessive Inflammation, and Intestinal Microflora |
| title_sort | comprehensive effect of carbon tetrachloride and reversal of gandankang formula in mice liver involved in oxidative stress excessive inflammation and intestinal microflora |
| topic | chronic liver injury nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 intestinal flora component analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2234 |
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