Karnaugh-Map Utility in Medical Studies: The Case of Fetal Malnutrition
This paper advocate and demonstrates the utility of the Karnaugh map, as a pictorial manual tool of Boolean algebra, in the exploration of medical problems as exemplified herein by the problem of Fetal Malnutrition (FM). The paper briefly introduces the FM problem, and specifies four metrics or test...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Ram Arti Publishers
2018-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ijmems.in/assets//16-ijmems-17-055-vol.-3%2c-no.-3%2c-220%E2%80%93244%2c-2018.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811275848686239744 |
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| author | Rufaidah Ali Rushdi Ali Muhammad Rushdi |
| author_facet | Rufaidah Ali Rushdi Ali Muhammad Rushdi |
| author_sort | Rufaidah Ali Rushdi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper advocate and demonstrates the utility of the Karnaugh map, as a pictorial manual tool of Boolean algebra, in the exploration of medical problems as exemplified herein by the problem of Fetal Malnutrition (FM). The paper briefly introduces the FM problem, and specifies four metrics or tests used frequently in its study. Clinical data collected about these metrics (as continuous variables or dichotomized versions thereof) are conventionally treated via statistical methods. The Karnaugh map serves as a convenient way for aggregating the set of clinical data available into a pseudo-Boolean function. The map can be used to produce a two-by-two contingency matrix (confusion matrix or frequency matrix) that relates an assessed test or metric to a reference or standard one. Each of these two metrics can be any of the map variables or a function of some or all of these variables. While the map serves in this capacity as a supplement or aid to statistical methods, it is also useful for certain non-statistical methods (specifically Boolean ones). The paper shows how the map entries can be dichotomized via an appropriate threshold for use in Boolean Analysis (BA), which can be conducted despite the lack of a gold standard. The map also implements Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) for the given clinical data. The map variable-handling capability does not pose as a shortcoming for either BA or QCA, since the number of variables involved (not only herein but in other typical medical problems as well) is relatively small. The concepts and methods introduced herein are demonstrated through application to the aforementioned set of clinical data for the FM problem, and can be extended to a wide variety of medical problems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:46:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be16cabce4f44a5eb076b068aa6adbd1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2455-7749 2455-7749 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:46:10Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | Ram Arti Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-be16cabce4f44a5eb076b068aa6adbd12022-12-22T03:11:51ZengRam Arti PublishersInternational Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences2455-77492455-77492018-09-013322024410.33889/IJMEMS.2018.3.3-016Karnaugh-Map Utility in Medical Studies: The Case of Fetal MalnutritionRufaidah Ali Rushdi0Ali Muhammad Rushdi1Department of Pediatrics, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Arab Republic of EgyptDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaThis paper advocate and demonstrates the utility of the Karnaugh map, as a pictorial manual tool of Boolean algebra, in the exploration of medical problems as exemplified herein by the problem of Fetal Malnutrition (FM). The paper briefly introduces the FM problem, and specifies four metrics or tests used frequently in its study. Clinical data collected about these metrics (as continuous variables or dichotomized versions thereof) are conventionally treated via statistical methods. The Karnaugh map serves as a convenient way for aggregating the set of clinical data available into a pseudo-Boolean function. The map can be used to produce a two-by-two contingency matrix (confusion matrix or frequency matrix) that relates an assessed test or metric to a reference or standard one. Each of these two metrics can be any of the map variables or a function of some or all of these variables. While the map serves in this capacity as a supplement or aid to statistical methods, it is also useful for certain non-statistical methods (specifically Boolean ones). The paper shows how the map entries can be dichotomized via an appropriate threshold for use in Boolean Analysis (BA), which can be conducted despite the lack of a gold standard. The map also implements Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) for the given clinical data. The map variable-handling capability does not pose as a shortcoming for either BA or QCA, since the number of variables involved (not only herein but in other typical medical problems as well) is relatively small. The concepts and methods introduced herein are demonstrated through application to the aforementioned set of clinical data for the FM problem, and can be extended to a wide variety of medical problems.https://www.ijmems.in/assets//16-ijmems-17-055-vol.-3%2c-no.-3%2c-220%E2%80%93244%2c-2018.pdfKarnaugh mapContingency tableGold standardFetal malnutritionPseudo-Boolean functionBoolean analysisQualitative comparative analysisEpidemiologyDiagnostic testingDiagnostic testing |
| spellingShingle | Rufaidah Ali Rushdi Ali Muhammad Rushdi Karnaugh-Map Utility in Medical Studies: The Case of Fetal Malnutrition International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences Karnaugh map Contingency table Gold standard Fetal malnutrition Pseudo-Boolean function Boolean analysis Qualitative comparative analysis Epidemiology Diagnostic testing Diagnostic testing |
| title | Karnaugh-Map Utility in Medical Studies: The Case of Fetal Malnutrition |
| title_full | Karnaugh-Map Utility in Medical Studies: The Case of Fetal Malnutrition |
| title_fullStr | Karnaugh-Map Utility in Medical Studies: The Case of Fetal Malnutrition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Karnaugh-Map Utility in Medical Studies: The Case of Fetal Malnutrition |
| title_short | Karnaugh-Map Utility in Medical Studies: The Case of Fetal Malnutrition |
| title_sort | karnaugh map utility in medical studies the case of fetal malnutrition |
| topic | Karnaugh map Contingency table Gold standard Fetal malnutrition Pseudo-Boolean function Boolean analysis Qualitative comparative analysis Epidemiology Diagnostic testing Diagnostic testing |
| url | https://www.ijmems.in/assets//16-ijmems-17-055-vol.-3%2c-no.-3%2c-220%E2%80%93244%2c-2018.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rufaidahalirushdi karnaughmaputilityinmedicalstudiesthecaseoffetalmalnutrition AT alimuhammadrushdi karnaughmaputilityinmedicalstudiesthecaseoffetalmalnutrition |