Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation
This review article is devoted to the colloidal properties of fullerene solutions. According to generally accepted understandings, all solvents in relations to fullerenes are divided into “good”, “poor”, and “reactive”. We have consistently considered the state of fullerenes in these systems. In “go...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Liquids |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8015/4/1/2 |
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| author | Nikolay O. Mchedlov-Petrossyan Mykyta O. Marfunin Nika N. Kriklya |
| author_facet | Nikolay O. Mchedlov-Petrossyan Mykyta O. Marfunin Nika N. Kriklya |
| author_sort | Nikolay O. Mchedlov-Petrossyan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review article is devoted to the colloidal properties of fullerene solutions. According to generally accepted understandings, all solvents in relations to fullerenes are divided into “good”, “poor”, and “reactive”. We have consistently considered the state of fullerenes in these systems. In “good”, predominantly non-polar aromatic solvents and CS<sub>2</sub>, non-equilibrium dissolution methods lead to the formation of colloidal aggregates, whereas the utilization of equilibrium methods results in the formation of molecular solutions. The latter, however, have some unusual properties; new results considered in this review confirm previously expressed ideas about colloidal properties of these solutions. In “poor” (polar) solvents, lyophobic colloidal systems appear. Both “bottom-up” and “top-down” methods of preparation are well documented in the literature. However, <i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidine-2-one, DMSO, and DMF dissolve fullerenes quite easily and with less energy consumption. These solvents can be considered a subset of “poor” solvents that have some features of being “reactive” at the expense of basic properties. New data confirm that hydrosols of fullerenes are typical hydrophobic colloids that obey the Schulze–Hardy rule and other regularities in the presence of electrolytes. Organosols in acetonitrile and methanol are much less stable with respect to the effects of electrolytes. This allows us to assume a non-DLVO stabilizing factor in the hydrosols. Accordingly, a new estimate of the Hamaker constant of fullerene–fullerene interaction is proposed. In DMSO and DMF, the coagulation of fullerene sols is hindered due to strong solvation with these basic solvents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:05:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be2045be63454b2b8124e72869503541 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-8015 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:05:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Liquids |
| spelling | doaj.art-be2045be63454b2b8124e728695035412024-03-27T13:51:27ZengMDPI AGLiquids2673-80152023-12-0141327210.3390/liquids4010002Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and CoagulationNikolay O. Mchedlov-Petrossyan0Mykyta O. Marfunin1Nika N. Kriklya2Department of Physical Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61022 Kharkiv, UkraineDepartment of Physical Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61022 Kharkiv, UkraineDepartment of Physical Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61022 Kharkiv, UkraineThis review article is devoted to the colloidal properties of fullerene solutions. According to generally accepted understandings, all solvents in relations to fullerenes are divided into “good”, “poor”, and “reactive”. We have consistently considered the state of fullerenes in these systems. In “good”, predominantly non-polar aromatic solvents and CS<sub>2</sub>, non-equilibrium dissolution methods lead to the formation of colloidal aggregates, whereas the utilization of equilibrium methods results in the formation of molecular solutions. The latter, however, have some unusual properties; new results considered in this review confirm previously expressed ideas about colloidal properties of these solutions. In “poor” (polar) solvents, lyophobic colloidal systems appear. Both “bottom-up” and “top-down” methods of preparation are well documented in the literature. However, <i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidine-2-one, DMSO, and DMF dissolve fullerenes quite easily and with less energy consumption. These solvents can be considered a subset of “poor” solvents that have some features of being “reactive” at the expense of basic properties. New data confirm that hydrosols of fullerenes are typical hydrophobic colloids that obey the Schulze–Hardy rule and other regularities in the presence of electrolytes. Organosols in acetonitrile and methanol are much less stable with respect to the effects of electrolytes. This allows us to assume a non-DLVO stabilizing factor in the hydrosols. Accordingly, a new estimate of the Hamaker constant of fullerene–fullerene interaction is proposed. In DMSO and DMF, the coagulation of fullerene sols is hindered due to strong solvation with these basic solvents.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8015/4/1/2fullerenes“good” and poor solventsaggregate formationsorganosolshydrosolscoagulation by electrolytes |
| spellingShingle | Nikolay O. Mchedlov-Petrossyan Mykyta O. Marfunin Nika N. Kriklya Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation Liquids fullerenes “good” and poor solvents aggregate formations organosols hydrosols coagulation by electrolytes |
| title | Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation |
| title_full | Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation |
| title_fullStr | Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation |
| title_short | Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation |
| title_sort | colloid chemistry of fullerene solutions aggregation and coagulation |
| topic | fullerenes “good” and poor solvents aggregate formations organosols hydrosols coagulation by electrolytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8015/4/1/2 |
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