Gallstone Is Associated with Metabolic Factors and Exercise in Korea
Gallstone is a common health problem. Cholesterol stone accounts for 90% of stones in the United States and Europe, but East Asia has a high proportion of pigment stone. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between modifiable metabolic factors and gallstone in a region with a high...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/8/1372 |
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| author | Hoyoung Wang Hoonsub So Sung Woo Ko Seok Won Jung Sung-Jo Bang Eun Ji Park |
| author_facet | Hoyoung Wang Hoonsub So Sung Woo Ko Seok Won Jung Sung-Jo Bang Eun Ji Park |
| author_sort | Hoyoung Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gallstone is a common health problem. Cholesterol stone accounts for 90% of stones in the United States and Europe, but East Asia has a high proportion of pigment stone. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between modifiable metabolic factors and gallstone in a region with a high prevalence of pigment stone. Among 3159 participants who underwent health screening at Ulsan University Hospital from March 2014 to June 2019, 178 patients were diagnosed with gallstone using abdominal ultrasonography; 2860 participants were selected as a control group. Demographic and laboratory data, and a medical questionnaire were obtained. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in the gallstone group. Age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, visceral fat index, normal-attenuated muscle area index, and engaging in vigorous exercise for ≥2 days per week were associated with gallstone by univariate analysis. Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (odds ratio (OR) 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–2.98), and 2 or more days of vigorous exercise per week (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.95) remained significant. The association persisted after adjusted analysis for age and sex. HbA1c ≥ 6.5% were positively associated with the gallstone. Vigorous exercise for at least 2 days weekly may be related to a lower risk of gallstone formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:24:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be285835001a498c8ab1bd154d16d533 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:24:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-be285835001a498c8ab1bd154d16d5332023-12-03T13:43:55ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322022-07-01108137210.3390/healthcare10081372Gallstone Is Associated with Metabolic Factors and Exercise in KoreaHoyoung Wang0Hoonsub So1Sung Woo Ko2Seok Won Jung3Sung-Jo Bang4Eun Ji Park5Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, KoreaBigData Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, KoreaGallstone is a common health problem. Cholesterol stone accounts for 90% of stones in the United States and Europe, but East Asia has a high proportion of pigment stone. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between modifiable metabolic factors and gallstone in a region with a high prevalence of pigment stone. Among 3159 participants who underwent health screening at Ulsan University Hospital from March 2014 to June 2019, 178 patients were diagnosed with gallstone using abdominal ultrasonography; 2860 participants were selected as a control group. Demographic and laboratory data, and a medical questionnaire were obtained. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in the gallstone group. Age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, visceral fat index, normal-attenuated muscle area index, and engaging in vigorous exercise for ≥2 days per week were associated with gallstone by univariate analysis. Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (odds ratio (OR) 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–2.98), and 2 or more days of vigorous exercise per week (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.95) remained significant. The association persisted after adjusted analysis for age and sex. HbA1c ≥ 6.5% were positively associated with the gallstone. Vigorous exercise for at least 2 days weekly may be related to a lower risk of gallstone formation.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/8/1372gallstonesblood glucoseblood pressureexercise |
| spellingShingle | Hoyoung Wang Hoonsub So Sung Woo Ko Seok Won Jung Sung-Jo Bang Eun Ji Park Gallstone Is Associated with Metabolic Factors and Exercise in Korea Healthcare gallstones blood glucose blood pressure exercise |
| title | Gallstone Is Associated with Metabolic Factors and Exercise in Korea |
| title_full | Gallstone Is Associated with Metabolic Factors and Exercise in Korea |
| title_fullStr | Gallstone Is Associated with Metabolic Factors and Exercise in Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gallstone Is Associated with Metabolic Factors and Exercise in Korea |
| title_short | Gallstone Is Associated with Metabolic Factors and Exercise in Korea |
| title_sort | gallstone is associated with metabolic factors and exercise in korea |
| topic | gallstones blood glucose blood pressure exercise |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/8/1372 |
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