Evolution of Animal South American RVA Told by the NSP4 Gene E12 Genotype
Rotavirus A (RVA) possesses a genome of 11 double-stranded (ds) RNA segments, and each segment encodes one protein, with the exception of segment 11. NSP4 is a non-structural multifunctional protein encoded by segment 10 that defines the E-genotype. From the 31 E-genotypes described, genotype E12 ha...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/11/2506 |
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| author | Samuel Orlando Miño Alejandra Badaracco Enrique Louge Uriarte Max Ciarlet Viviana Parreño |
| author_facet | Samuel Orlando Miño Alejandra Badaracco Enrique Louge Uriarte Max Ciarlet Viviana Parreño |
| author_sort | Samuel Orlando Miño |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rotavirus A (RVA) possesses a genome of 11 double-stranded (ds) RNA segments, and each segment encodes one protein, with the exception of segment 11. NSP4 is a non-structural multifunctional protein encoded by segment 10 that defines the E-genotype. From the 31 E-genotypes described, genotype E12 has been described in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil in RVA strains infecting different animal species and humans. In this work, we studied the evolutionary relationships of RVA strains carrying the E12 genotype in South America using phylogenetic and phylodynamic approaches. We found that the E12 genotype has a South American origin, with a guanaco (<i>Lama guanicoe</i>) strain as natural host. Interestingly, all the other reported RVA strains carrying the E12 genotype in equine, bovine, caprine, and human strains are related to RVA strains of camelid origin. The evolutionary path and genetic footprint of the E12 genotype were reconstructed starting with the introduction of non-native livestock species into the American continent with the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. The imported animal species were in close contact with South American camelids, and the offspring were exposed to the native RVA strains brought from Europe and the new RVA circulating in guanacos, resulting in the emergence of new RVA strains in the current lineages’ strongly species-specific adaption. In conclusion, we proposed the NSP4 E12 genotype as a genetic geographic marker in the RVA strains circulating in different animal species in South America. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:56:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be2cfab20ed244669288b52efaf185d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:56:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-be2cfab20ed244669288b52efaf185d22023-11-24T10:18:18ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-11-011411250610.3390/v14112506Evolution of Animal South American RVA Told by the NSP4 Gene E12 GenotypeSamuel Orlando Miño0Alejandra Badaracco1Enrique Louge Uriarte2Max Ciarlet3Viviana Parreño4Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA, EEA Cerro Azul, Ruta Nacional 14, km 836 (CP3313), Cerro Azul 3313, ArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA, EEA Montecarlo, Av. El Libertador N° 2472 (CP3384), Montecarlo 3384, ArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA, EEA Balcarce, Ruta 226 km 73.5 (CP7620), Balcarce 7620, ArgentinaClinical Development, Icosavax, Seattle, WA 98101, USAInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA, CICVyA, INTA Castelar, De las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n (CP1686), Hurlingham 1686, ArgentinaRotavirus A (RVA) possesses a genome of 11 double-stranded (ds) RNA segments, and each segment encodes one protein, with the exception of segment 11. NSP4 is a non-structural multifunctional protein encoded by segment 10 that defines the E-genotype. From the 31 E-genotypes described, genotype E12 has been described in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil in RVA strains infecting different animal species and humans. In this work, we studied the evolutionary relationships of RVA strains carrying the E12 genotype in South America using phylogenetic and phylodynamic approaches. We found that the E12 genotype has a South American origin, with a guanaco (<i>Lama guanicoe</i>) strain as natural host. Interestingly, all the other reported RVA strains carrying the E12 genotype in equine, bovine, caprine, and human strains are related to RVA strains of camelid origin. The evolutionary path and genetic footprint of the E12 genotype were reconstructed starting with the introduction of non-native livestock species into the American continent with the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. The imported animal species were in close contact with South American camelids, and the offspring were exposed to the native RVA strains brought from Europe and the new RVA circulating in guanacos, resulting in the emergence of new RVA strains in the current lineages’ strongly species-specific adaption. In conclusion, we proposed the NSP4 E12 genotype as a genetic geographic marker in the RVA strains circulating in different animal species in South America.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/11/2506genome reassortmentphylogenyevolution in segmented virusesphylodynamic |
| spellingShingle | Samuel Orlando Miño Alejandra Badaracco Enrique Louge Uriarte Max Ciarlet Viviana Parreño Evolution of Animal South American RVA Told by the NSP4 Gene E12 Genotype Viruses genome reassortment phylogeny evolution in segmented viruses phylodynamic |
| title | Evolution of Animal South American RVA Told by the NSP4 Gene E12 Genotype |
| title_full | Evolution of Animal South American RVA Told by the NSP4 Gene E12 Genotype |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of Animal South American RVA Told by the NSP4 Gene E12 Genotype |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of Animal South American RVA Told by the NSP4 Gene E12 Genotype |
| title_short | Evolution of Animal South American RVA Told by the NSP4 Gene E12 Genotype |
| title_sort | evolution of animal south american rva told by the nsp4 gene e12 genotype |
| topic | genome reassortment phylogeny evolution in segmented viruses phylodynamic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/11/2506 |
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