Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma—Clinical, Molecular, and Immunological Features
Primary testicular lymphoma is a rare lymphoma entity, yet it is the most common testicular malignancy among elderly men. The majority of the cases represent non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with aggressive clinical behavior and a relatively high relaps...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/16/4049 |
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| author | Marjukka Pollari Suvi-Katri Leivonen Sirpa Leppä |
| author_facet | Marjukka Pollari Suvi-Katri Leivonen Sirpa Leppä |
| author_sort | Marjukka Pollari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Primary testicular lymphoma is a rare lymphoma entity, yet it is the most common testicular malignancy among elderly men. The majority of the cases represent non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with aggressive clinical behavior and a relatively high relapse rate. Due to the rareness of the disease, no randomized clinical trials have been conducted and the currently recognized standard of care is based on retrospective analyses and few phase II trials. During recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-related immunity have been the focus of many tumor biology studies, and the emergence of targeted therapies and checkpoint inhibitors has significantly modulated the field of cancer therapies. Testicular DLBCL (T-DLBCL) is presented in an immune-privileged site of the testis, and the roles of NF-κB pathway signaling, 9p24.1 aberrations, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially immune checkpoint expressing lymphocytes and macrophages, seem to be unique compared to other lymphoma entities. Preliminary data on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of T-DLBCL are promising and more studies are ongoing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:57:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be2d7a70c672496c97bd0d2beea72601 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:57:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-be2d7a70c672496c97bd0d2beea726012023-11-22T07:03:01ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-08-011316404910.3390/cancers13164049Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma—Clinical, Molecular, and Immunological FeaturesMarjukka Pollari0Suvi-Katri Leivonen1Sirpa Leppä2Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandResearch Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandResearch Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandPrimary testicular lymphoma is a rare lymphoma entity, yet it is the most common testicular malignancy among elderly men. The majority of the cases represent non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with aggressive clinical behavior and a relatively high relapse rate. Due to the rareness of the disease, no randomized clinical trials have been conducted and the currently recognized standard of care is based on retrospective analyses and few phase II trials. During recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-related immunity have been the focus of many tumor biology studies, and the emergence of targeted therapies and checkpoint inhibitors has significantly modulated the field of cancer therapies. Testicular DLBCL (T-DLBCL) is presented in an immune-privileged site of the testis, and the roles of NF-κB pathway signaling, 9p24.1 aberrations, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially immune checkpoint expressing lymphocytes and macrophages, seem to be unique compared to other lymphoma entities. Preliminary data on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of T-DLBCL are promising and more studies are ongoing.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/16/4049testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphomalymphoma immunologytumor micro-environment |
| spellingShingle | Marjukka Pollari Suvi-Katri Leivonen Sirpa Leppä Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma—Clinical, Molecular, and Immunological Features Cancers testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma lymphoma immunology tumor micro-environment |
| title | Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma—Clinical, Molecular, and Immunological Features |
| title_full | Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma—Clinical, Molecular, and Immunological Features |
| title_fullStr | Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma—Clinical, Molecular, and Immunological Features |
| title_full_unstemmed | Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma—Clinical, Molecular, and Immunological Features |
| title_short | Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma—Clinical, Molecular, and Immunological Features |
| title_sort | testicular diffuse large b cell lymphoma clinical molecular and immunological features |
| topic | testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma lymphoma immunology tumor micro-environment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/16/4049 |
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