Body mass but not vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral content and density in young school children in northern Sweden
Background: High latitude of residence where sun exposure is limited affects vitamin D status. Although vitamin D levels have been associated with poor bone health, cut-off values for optimising bone health are yet to be decided. Objective: To assess vitamin D intake and status among young school ch...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Swedish Nutrition Foundation
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Food & Nutrition Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/30045/45357 |
| _version_ | 1818128261199167488 |
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| author | Frida K. Videhult Inger Öhlund Olle Hernell Christina E. West |
| author_facet | Frida K. Videhult Inger Öhlund Olle Hernell Christina E. West |
| author_sort | Frida K. Videhult |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: High latitude of residence where sun exposure is limited affects vitamin D status. Although vitamin D levels have been associated with poor bone health, cut-off values for optimising bone health are yet to be decided. Objective: To assess vitamin D intake and status among young school children living at latitude 63–64 °N, in northern Sweden and to examine the association between vitamin D status and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Design: In a cross-sectional study, diet was assessed by a 4-day food diary and a food frequency questionnaire in 8- to 9-year-old children (n=120). Energy, vitamin D, and calcium intakes were calculated. Physical activity was assessed using a pedometer for 7 days. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25[OH]D) levels were analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry (n=113). BMC and BMD were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Height and weight were measured by standard procedures and BMI z-score was calculated using WHO AnthroPlus programme. Results: The majority of children, 91%, did not reach the recommended vitamin D intake of 7.5 µg/day and 50% had insufficient S-25[OH]D levels defined as <50 nmol/l. The highest concentrations of S-25[OH]D were observed during the summer months (p=0.01). Body mass (p<0.01) but not S-25[OH]D was associated with measures of BMC and BMD. Furthermore, boys had higher total BMC (p=0.01), total body less head BMC (p=0.02), fat free mass (p<0.01), and a higher degree of physical activity (p=0.01) compared to girls. Conclusions: Body mass was related to BMC and BMD measures in a population of prepubertal school children living at high latitudes in Sweden. Despite insufficient S-25[OH]D levels and low vitamin D intake, this did not appear to affect bone parameters. Prospective studies with repeated assessment of vitamin D status are needed to examine cut-off values for optimising bone health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:30:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be416c60ef44479a807972c073c9f947 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1654-661X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:30:26Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Swedish Nutrition Foundation |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food & Nutrition Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-be416c60ef44479a807972c073c9f9472022-12-22T01:15:50ZengSwedish Nutrition FoundationFood & Nutrition Research1654-661X2016-03-016001810.3402/fnr.v60.3004530045Body mass but not vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral content and density in young school children in northern SwedenFrida K. Videhult0Inger Öhlund1Olle Hernell2Christina E. West3 Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, SwedenBackground: High latitude of residence where sun exposure is limited affects vitamin D status. Although vitamin D levels have been associated with poor bone health, cut-off values for optimising bone health are yet to be decided. Objective: To assess vitamin D intake and status among young school children living at latitude 63–64 °N, in northern Sweden and to examine the association between vitamin D status and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Design: In a cross-sectional study, diet was assessed by a 4-day food diary and a food frequency questionnaire in 8- to 9-year-old children (n=120). Energy, vitamin D, and calcium intakes were calculated. Physical activity was assessed using a pedometer for 7 days. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25[OH]D) levels were analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry (n=113). BMC and BMD were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Height and weight were measured by standard procedures and BMI z-score was calculated using WHO AnthroPlus programme. Results: The majority of children, 91%, did not reach the recommended vitamin D intake of 7.5 µg/day and 50% had insufficient S-25[OH]D levels defined as <50 nmol/l. The highest concentrations of S-25[OH]D were observed during the summer months (p=0.01). Body mass (p<0.01) but not S-25[OH]D was associated with measures of BMC and BMD. Furthermore, boys had higher total BMC (p=0.01), total body less head BMC (p=0.02), fat free mass (p<0.01), and a higher degree of physical activity (p=0.01) compared to girls. Conclusions: Body mass was related to BMC and BMD measures in a population of prepubertal school children living at high latitudes in Sweden. Despite insufficient S-25[OH]D levels and low vitamin D intake, this did not appear to affect bone parameters. Prospective studies with repeated assessment of vitamin D status are needed to examine cut-off values for optimising bone health.http://www.foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/30045/45357dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)serum 25-hydroxyvitamin Dseasonlatitudedietcalcium |
| spellingShingle | Frida K. Videhult Inger Öhlund Olle Hernell Christina E. West Body mass but not vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral content and density in young school children in northern Sweden Food & Nutrition Research dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D season latitude diet calcium |
| title | Body mass but not vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral content and density in young school children in northern Sweden |
| title_full | Body mass but not vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral content and density in young school children in northern Sweden |
| title_fullStr | Body mass but not vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral content and density in young school children in northern Sweden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Body mass but not vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral content and density in young school children in northern Sweden |
| title_short | Body mass but not vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral content and density in young school children in northern Sweden |
| title_sort | body mass but not vitamin d status is associated with bone mineral content and density in young school children in northern sweden |
| topic | dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D season latitude diet calcium |
| url | http://www.foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/30045/45357 |
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