Transposons-Based Clonal Diversity in Trematode Involves Parts of CR1 (LINE) in Eu- and Heterochromatin
Trematode parthenitae have long been believed to form clonal populations, but clonal diversity has been discovered in this asexual stage of the lifecycle. Clonal polymorphism in the model species <i>Himasthla elongata</i> has been previously described, but the source of this phenomenon r...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| author | Anna Solovyeva Ivan Levakin Evgeny Zorin Leonid Adonin Yuri Khotimchenko Olga Podgornaya |
| author_facet | Anna Solovyeva Ivan Levakin Evgeny Zorin Leonid Adonin Yuri Khotimchenko Olga Podgornaya |
| author_sort | Anna Solovyeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trematode parthenitae have long been believed to form clonal populations, but clonal diversity has been discovered in this asexual stage of the lifecycle. Clonal polymorphism in the model species <i>Himasthla elongata</i> has been previously described, but the source of this phenomenon remains unknown. In this work, we traced cercarial clonal diversity using a simplified amplified fragment length polymorphism (SAFLP) method and characterised the nature of fragments in diverse electrophoretic bands. The repetitive elements were identified in both the primary sequence of the <i>H. elongata</i> genome and in the transcriptome data. Long-interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs) were found to represent an overwhelming majority of the genome and the transposon transcripts. Most sequenced fragments from SAFLP pattern contained the reverse transcriptase (RT, ORF2) domains of LINEs, and only a few sequences belonged to ORFs of LTRs and ORF1 of LINEs. A fragment corresponding to a CR1-like (LINE) spacer region was discovered and named CR1-renegade (CR1-rng). In addition to RT-containing CR1 transcripts, we found short CR1-rng transcripts in the redia transcriptome and short contigs in the mobilome. Probes against CR1-RT and CR1-rng presented strikingly different pictures in FISH mapping, despite both being fragments of CR1. In silico data and Southern blotting indicated that CR1-rng is not tandemly organised. CR1 involvement in clonal diversity is discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:48:05Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:48:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-be60ac3266da4004978d95e88cbf2d702023-11-22T07:44:57ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-07-01128112910.3390/genes12081129Transposons-Based Clonal Diversity in Trematode Involves Parts of CR1 (LINE) in Eu- and HeterochromatinAnna Solovyeva0Ivan Levakin1Evgeny Zorin2Leonid Adonin3Yuri Khotimchenko4Olga Podgornaya5Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, Tikhoretsky Ave 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, RussiaZoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, RussiaAll-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin 8, 196608 Saint Petersburg, RussiaMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, RussiaSchool of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova St 8, 690091 Vladivostok, RussiaInstitute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, Tikhoretsky Ave 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, RussiaTrematode parthenitae have long been believed to form clonal populations, but clonal diversity has been discovered in this asexual stage of the lifecycle. Clonal polymorphism in the model species <i>Himasthla elongata</i> has been previously described, but the source of this phenomenon remains unknown. In this work, we traced cercarial clonal diversity using a simplified amplified fragment length polymorphism (SAFLP) method and characterised the nature of fragments in diverse electrophoretic bands. The repetitive elements were identified in both the primary sequence of the <i>H. elongata</i> genome and in the transcriptome data. Long-interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs) were found to represent an overwhelming majority of the genome and the transposon transcripts. Most sequenced fragments from SAFLP pattern contained the reverse transcriptase (RT, ORF2) domains of LINEs, and only a few sequences belonged to ORFs of LTRs and ORF1 of LINEs. A fragment corresponding to a CR1-like (LINE) spacer region was discovered and named CR1-renegade (CR1-rng). In addition to RT-containing CR1 transcripts, we found short CR1-rng transcripts in the redia transcriptome and short contigs in the mobilome. Probes against CR1-RT and CR1-rng presented strikingly different pictures in FISH mapping, despite both being fragments of CR1. In silico data and Southern blotting indicated that CR1-rng is not tandemly organised. CR1 involvement in clonal diversity is discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/8/1129transposable elementsCR1LINE<i>Himasthla elongata</i>clonal polymorphism |
| spellingShingle | Anna Solovyeva Ivan Levakin Evgeny Zorin Leonid Adonin Yuri Khotimchenko Olga Podgornaya Transposons-Based Clonal Diversity in Trematode Involves Parts of CR1 (LINE) in Eu- and Heterochromatin Genes transposable elements CR1 LINE <i>Himasthla elongata</i> clonal polymorphism |
| title | Transposons-Based Clonal Diversity in Trematode Involves Parts of CR1 (LINE) in Eu- and Heterochromatin |
| title_full | Transposons-Based Clonal Diversity in Trematode Involves Parts of CR1 (LINE) in Eu- and Heterochromatin |
| title_fullStr | Transposons-Based Clonal Diversity in Trematode Involves Parts of CR1 (LINE) in Eu- and Heterochromatin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transposons-Based Clonal Diversity in Trematode Involves Parts of CR1 (LINE) in Eu- and Heterochromatin |
| title_short | Transposons-Based Clonal Diversity in Trematode Involves Parts of CR1 (LINE) in Eu- and Heterochromatin |
| title_sort | transposons based clonal diversity in trematode involves parts of cr1 line in eu and heterochromatin |
| topic | transposable elements CR1 LINE <i>Himasthla elongata</i> clonal polymorphism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/8/1129 |
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