Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials
Carbon nanostructures are widely used as fillers to tailor the mechanical, thermal, barrier, and electrical properties of polymeric matrices employed for a wide range of applications. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a carbon nanostructure from the graphene derivatives family, has been incorporated in...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1848 |
| _version_ | 1797487132076408832 |
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| author | Ana Barra Cláudia Nunes Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky Paula Ferreira |
| author_facet | Ana Barra Cláudia Nunes Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky Paula Ferreira |
| author_sort | Ana Barra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon nanostructures are widely used as fillers to tailor the mechanical, thermal, barrier, and electrical properties of polymeric matrices employed for a wide range of applications. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a carbon nanostructure from the graphene derivatives family, has been incorporated in composite materials due to its remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical strength capacity, and low cost. Graphene oxide (GO) is typically synthesized by the improved Hummers’ method and then chemically reduced to obtain rGO. However, the chemical reduction commonly uses toxic reducing agents, such as hydrazine, being environmentally unfriendly and limiting the final application of composites. Therefore, green chemical reducing agents and synthesis methods of carbon nanostructures should be employed. This paper reviews the state of the art regarding the green chemical reduction of graphene oxide reported in the last 3 years. Moreover, alternative graphitic nanostructures, such as carbons derived from biomass and carbon nanostructures supported on clays, are pointed as eco-friendly and sustainable carbonaceous additives to engineering polymer properties in composites. Finally, the application of these carbon nanostructures in polymer composites is briefly overviewed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:44:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be62d73226b045048e3e8603f52245ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:44:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-be62d73226b045048e3e8603f52245ac2023-11-23T16:47:37ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-02-01233184810.3390/ijms23031848Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite MaterialsAna Barra0Cláudia Nunes1Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky2Paula Ferreira3Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalMaterials Science Institute of Madrid, CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCarbon nanostructures are widely used as fillers to tailor the mechanical, thermal, barrier, and electrical properties of polymeric matrices employed for a wide range of applications. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a carbon nanostructure from the graphene derivatives family, has been incorporated in composite materials due to its remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical strength capacity, and low cost. Graphene oxide (GO) is typically synthesized by the improved Hummers’ method and then chemically reduced to obtain rGO. However, the chemical reduction commonly uses toxic reducing agents, such as hydrazine, being environmentally unfriendly and limiting the final application of composites. Therefore, green chemical reducing agents and synthesis methods of carbon nanostructures should be employed. This paper reviews the state of the art regarding the green chemical reduction of graphene oxide reported in the last 3 years. Moreover, alternative graphitic nanostructures, such as carbons derived from biomass and carbon nanostructures supported on clays, are pointed as eco-friendly and sustainable carbonaceous additives to engineering polymer properties in composites. Finally, the application of these carbon nanostructures in polymer composites is briefly overviewed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1848reduced graphene oxideclayshydrothermal carbonssupported carbonspolymer composites |
| spellingShingle | Ana Barra Cláudia Nunes Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky Paula Ferreira Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials International Journal of Molecular Sciences reduced graphene oxide clays hydrothermal carbons supported carbons polymer composites |
| title | Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials |
| title_full | Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials |
| title_fullStr | Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials |
| title_short | Green Carbon Nanostructures for Functional Composite Materials |
| title_sort | green carbon nanostructures for functional composite materials |
| topic | reduced graphene oxide clays hydrothermal carbons supported carbons polymer composites |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1848 |
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