Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops
Objectives:To assess phosphate and osmolarity levels of chronically administered eye drops commercially available in Turkey.Materials and Methods:A total of 53 topical eye drops including 18 antiglaucoma drugs, 4 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 10 corticosteroids, 7 antihistaminics, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Galenos Yayinevi
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi |
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http://www.oftalmoloji.org/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/assessment-of-phosphate-and-osmolarity-levels-in-c/27864
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| author | Onur Özalp Eray Atalay İbrahim Özkan Alataş Zeynep Küskü Kiraz Nilgün Yıldırım |
| author_facet | Onur Özalp Eray Atalay İbrahim Özkan Alataş Zeynep Küskü Kiraz Nilgün Yıldırım |
| author_sort | Onur Özalp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives:To assess phosphate and osmolarity levels of chronically administered eye drops commercially available in Turkey.Materials and Methods:A total of 53 topical eye drops including 18 antiglaucoma drugs, 4 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 10 corticosteroids, 7 antihistaminics, and 14 artificial tears identified using the Vademecum Modern Medications Guideline (2018) were included in the study. Phosphate levels were assessed using Roche Cobas C501 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and the respective kits. Osmolarity was assessed using Vescor Vapro 5600 vapor pressure osmometer (Sanova Medical Systems, Vienna, Austria). Mean phosphate and osmolarity levels were obtained after averaging three measurements. Eye drops were categorized as isoosmolar, hypoosmolar and hyperosmolar based on physiologic tear osmolarity range (296.5±9.8 mOsm/L).Results:The highest phosphate concentration was found in the antiglaucoma group (20.3±35.4 mmol/L), followed by antihistaminics (17.3±17.9 mmol/L), corticosteroids (15.2±19.1 mmol/L), artificial tears (0.8±1.0), and NSAIDs (0.04±0.08). Percentage of medications in the hyperosmolar category was highest in the NSAI group (75%), followed by antihistaminics (43%), corticosteroids (20%), and antiglaucoma drugs (19%). Nearly all of the artificial tear formulations were in the hypoosmolar (71%) or isoosmolar (21%) categories.Conclusion:Approximately 40% of glaucoma medications and approximately 60% of corticosteroid and antihistaminic medications had a phosphate concentration higher than the physiologic tear phosphate level (1.45 mmol/L). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T11:33:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-be6f604858394e978aca51d8a2d564c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1300-0659 2147-2661 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T11:33:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Galenos Yayinevi |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi |
| spelling | doaj.art-be6f604858394e978aca51d8a2d564c82023-02-15T16:17:59ZengGalenos YayineviTürk Oftalmoloji Dergisi1300-06592147-26612019-06-0149312312910.4274/tjo.galenos.2018.4382713049054Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye DropsOnur Özalp0Eray Atalay1İbrahim Özkan Alataş2Zeynep Küskü Kiraz3Nilgün Yıldırım4 Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Eskişehir, Turkey Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Eskişehir, Turkey Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Eskişehir, Turkey Objectives:To assess phosphate and osmolarity levels of chronically administered eye drops commercially available in Turkey.Materials and Methods:A total of 53 topical eye drops including 18 antiglaucoma drugs, 4 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 10 corticosteroids, 7 antihistaminics, and 14 artificial tears identified using the Vademecum Modern Medications Guideline (2018) were included in the study. Phosphate levels were assessed using Roche Cobas C501 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and the respective kits. Osmolarity was assessed using Vescor Vapro 5600 vapor pressure osmometer (Sanova Medical Systems, Vienna, Austria). Mean phosphate and osmolarity levels were obtained after averaging three measurements. Eye drops were categorized as isoosmolar, hypoosmolar and hyperosmolar based on physiologic tear osmolarity range (296.5±9.8 mOsm/L).Results:The highest phosphate concentration was found in the antiglaucoma group (20.3±35.4 mmol/L), followed by antihistaminics (17.3±17.9 mmol/L), corticosteroids (15.2±19.1 mmol/L), artificial tears (0.8±1.0), and NSAIDs (0.04±0.08). Percentage of medications in the hyperosmolar category was highest in the NSAI group (75%), followed by antihistaminics (43%), corticosteroids (20%), and antiglaucoma drugs (19%). Nearly all of the artificial tear formulations were in the hypoosmolar (71%) or isoosmolar (21%) categories.Conclusion:Approximately 40% of glaucoma medications and approximately 60% of corticosteroid and antihistaminic medications had a phosphate concentration higher than the physiologic tear phosphate level (1.45 mmol/L). http://www.oftalmoloji.org/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/assessment-of-phosphate-and-osmolarity-levels-in-c/27864 Phosphateeye dropsosmolaritycorneal calcification |
| spellingShingle | Onur Özalp Eray Atalay İbrahim Özkan Alataş Zeynep Küskü Kiraz Nilgün Yıldırım Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi Phosphate eye drops osmolarity corneal calcification |
| title | Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops |
| title_full | Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops |
| title_short | Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops |
| title_sort | assessment of phosphate and osmolarity levels in chronically administered eye drops |
| topic | Phosphate eye drops osmolarity corneal calcification |
| url |
http://www.oftalmoloji.org/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/assessment-of-phosphate-and-osmolarity-levels-in-c/27864
|
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