Sub-Hourly Variations of Wind Shear in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere as Observed by the China Meteor Radar Chain
Wind shear has important implications for Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) and gravity waves (GWs) in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT) region where its momentum transport process is dominated by short-period (<1 h) GWs. However, the sub-hourly variation in wind shear is still not well qu...
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MDPI AG
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1291 |
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| author | Chi Long Tao Yu Jian Zhang Xiangxiang Yan Na Yang Jin Wang Chunliang Xia Yu Liang Hailun Ye |
| author_facet | Chi Long Tao Yu Jian Zhang Xiangxiang Yan Na Yang Jin Wang Chunliang Xia Yu Liang Hailun Ye |
| author_sort | Chi Long |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wind shear has important implications for Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) and gravity waves (GWs) in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT) region where its momentum transport process is dominated by short-period (<1 h) GWs. However, the sub-hourly variation in wind shear is still not well quantified. This study aims to improve current understanding of vertical wind shear by analyzing multi-year meteor radar measurements at the Mohe (MH, 53.5°N, 122.3°E), Beijing (BJ, 40.3<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 116.2<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), Wuhan (WH, 30.5<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 114.6<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and Fuke (FK, 19.5°N, 109.1°E) stations in China. The wind field is estimated by a new algorithm, e.g., the damped least squares fitting. Taking the wind shear estimated by normal products as a criterion, the shear produced by the new algorithm has more statistical convergence as compared to the traditional algorithm, e.g., the least squares fitting. Therefore, we argue that the 10 min DLSA wind probably produces a more reasonable vertical shear. Both intensive wind shears and GW kinetic energy can be simultaneously captured during the 0600–1600 UTs of May at MH and during the 1300–2400 UTs of March at FK, possibly implying that the up-propagation of GWs could contribute to the production of large wind shears. The sub-hourly variation in wind shears is potentially valuable for understanding the interrelationship between shear (or KHI) and GWs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:36:03Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:36:03Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-be74e94da7d44b059edf346e485f03d92024-04-12T13:25:54ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-04-01167129110.3390/rs16071291Sub-Hourly Variations of Wind Shear in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere as Observed by the China Meteor Radar ChainChi Long0Tao Yu1Jian Zhang2Xiangxiang Yan3Na Yang4Jin Wang5Chunliang Xia6Yu Liang7Hailun Ye8Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaHubei Subsurface Multi-Scale Imaging Key Laboratory, School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaInstitute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, ChinaHubei Subsurface Multi-Scale Imaging Key Laboratory, School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaHubei Subsurface Multi-Scale Imaging Key Laboratory, School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaHubei Subsurface Multi-Scale Imaging Key Laboratory, School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaWind shear has important implications for Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) and gravity waves (GWs) in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT) region where its momentum transport process is dominated by short-period (<1 h) GWs. However, the sub-hourly variation in wind shear is still not well quantified. This study aims to improve current understanding of vertical wind shear by analyzing multi-year meteor radar measurements at the Mohe (MH, 53.5°N, 122.3°E), Beijing (BJ, 40.3<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 116.2<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), Wuhan (WH, 30.5<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, 114.6<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and Fuke (FK, 19.5°N, 109.1°E) stations in China. The wind field is estimated by a new algorithm, e.g., the damped least squares fitting. Taking the wind shear estimated by normal products as a criterion, the shear produced by the new algorithm has more statistical convergence as compared to the traditional algorithm, e.g., the least squares fitting. Therefore, we argue that the 10 min DLSA wind probably produces a more reasonable vertical shear. Both intensive wind shears and GW kinetic energy can be simultaneously captured during the 0600–1600 UTs of May at MH and during the 1300–2400 UTs of March at FK, possibly implying that the up-propagation of GWs could contribute to the production of large wind shears. The sub-hourly variation in wind shears is potentially valuable for understanding the interrelationship between shear (or KHI) and GWs.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1291sub-hourly windwind sheardamped least squares algorithmmeteor radarmesosphere-lower thermosphere |
| spellingShingle | Chi Long Tao Yu Jian Zhang Xiangxiang Yan Na Yang Jin Wang Chunliang Xia Yu Liang Hailun Ye Sub-Hourly Variations of Wind Shear in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere as Observed by the China Meteor Radar Chain Remote Sensing sub-hourly wind wind shear damped least squares algorithm meteor radar mesosphere-lower thermosphere |
| title | Sub-Hourly Variations of Wind Shear in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere as Observed by the China Meteor Radar Chain |
| title_full | Sub-Hourly Variations of Wind Shear in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere as Observed by the China Meteor Radar Chain |
| title_fullStr | Sub-Hourly Variations of Wind Shear in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere as Observed by the China Meteor Radar Chain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sub-Hourly Variations of Wind Shear in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere as Observed by the China Meteor Radar Chain |
| title_short | Sub-Hourly Variations of Wind Shear in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere as Observed by the China Meteor Radar Chain |
| title_sort | sub hourly variations of wind shear in the mesosphere lower thermosphere as observed by the china meteor radar chain |
| topic | sub-hourly wind wind shear damped least squares algorithm meteor radar mesosphere-lower thermosphere |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1291 |
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